海外進入模式的選擇是企業國際化策略中重要的問題,因其攸關企業後續經營績效與成敗。目前海外直接投資之相關文獻,缺乏整體性與系統性之評估架構與因素;企業在進行海外進入模式同時需考量許多交互影響因素,而具有多重準則之特性;故本研究利用網絡決策分析法(Analytic Network Process, ANP)建立一套具相依與回饋特性之海外進入模式評估架構。此評估模式可有效整合學者專家意見,並提供不同進入模式之下,客觀地進行整體決策考量,供業界與學術界進行海外進入時之參考。 研究結果發現,學者專家在不同進入模式之下,對於各考慮層面與評估準則會有不同之重視程度: 1.在新建設廠模式之下,專家對技術、獨特的技術、基礎建設完善、政府對產業的獎勵政策與共同使用製造技術最為重視。 2.在合資進入模式之下,專家對地主國投資環境、技術學習能力、競爭強度、政府對產業的獎勵政策與共同使用製造技術最為重視。 3.在併購進入模式下,專家對技術、技術創新能力、市場潛力、全球集中度與共同使用研究發展資源最為重視。 此外,全球供應鏈管理與文化相似性,在三種進入模式之下皆不受學者專家重視。
The foreign entry mode choice is an important decision in international strategic because of its concerning with performance and survival of a firm. The existing foreign direct investment literatures lack entire and systematical evaluation framework with corresponding factors. When firms decide entry foreign market need consider different factors which are interaction with multiple criteria. For these reasons, this study utilize Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach to design foreign entry model evaluation framework in which are embedded interaction and feedback. This model can very efficient integrate different expert and scholar option and provide objectively decision consideration under vary entry model. The results of this study found that expert and scholar have different focus which covers: (1)within Greenfield mode, evaluators are most emphasis on technology, unique of technology, adequate infrastructure, incentive policy of host country, and adopting common manufacturing technologies, respectively; (2)within joint venture mode, evaluators are most emphasis on invest environment of host country, ability of learning advance technology, competition intensity, incentive policy of host country, and adopting common manufacturing technologies, respectively; (3)within merge & acquisition mode, evaluators are most emphasis on technology, ability of technology innovation, market potential, global market concentration, and utilizing common resource of R&D, respectively. However, two factors include global supply chain management and culture similarity are the least emphasis on the above three entry mode.