- 學位論文
國民小學學校志工參與動機之研究
A Study on Volunteers’ Motivation of Elementary School
摘要
台灣近年因社會型態不斷變化，家庭、學校及社會功能，產生巨大改變。工商業 發達，小家庭結構增多，學童綁架和交通事件層出不窮，學童安全僅靠學校有限人 力已無法有效應付。學校志工制度推展至今十多年，推展後對於學校貢獻亦獲各界 肯定，然在運作過程中，也出現許多問題。因此觸發本研究以志工參與動機角度探 討志工參與類型，以ERG理論作為本研究理論基礎並進一步釐清影響志工參與動機 因素，提供日後推行學校志工制度相關人員之參考。 本研究採用二階段集群分析法，將志工參與動機類型分為「學習成長型」、「利己 型」及「利他型」三種類型，再以卡方檢定人口統計、參與行為兩變數和志工參與動 機類型的分布是否具有明顯之關係存在，並針對有顯著差異的變項，進一步交叉 分析，以了解其差異情形；最後則以區別分析來探討影響志工參與動機因素，以 了解何種因素較容易影響志工參與動機。 研究結果發現，學校志工參與動機類型中以利他型人數較多，參與性別以女 性為多數，年齡多在41-50歲之間，職業以家庭主婦為主，教育程度以高中職佔多 數，家中情況以與小孩同住及有子女就讀所服務學校為多數，其在校擔任志工年 資在5年以上、每週服務時間為3小時以下、沒有擔任學校志工團隊幹部、沒有參加其 他志願服務工作及無離職意念者居多。另外，研究發現影響學校志工參與動機因素 中，志工最重視志工夥伴彼此在團體中相互分享知識與經驗、有重大活動時，志工 夥伴會齊心協力共同完成及如有急難，夥伴們能予以協助等項目。N
並列摘要
There has been dramatic changes in the functions of Taiwan’s families, schools and the societies in recent years due to the constantly changing society. With prospering industry and commerce, the increasing numbers of nuclear families and endless kidnappings and traffic accidents, it is insufficient, for the schools only, to secure the students’ safety with limited manpower. The phenomenon of having less children and the much higher education level of the parents has moved them to pay more attention to the problems of children’s safety and the quality of their education. Parents have started to care much more about their right and duty in participating in the process of educating their children, and thus desire to be more deeply involved with school affairs. Today, it has become the trend for schools to actively promote ways for parents to participate in education, and has become the primary way to solve the problem of the schools’ lacking satisfactory manpower. It has been more than ten years now since our school introduced the volunteer system. The contribution made to the school of the advancing of the system has since gained approval from personalities of all circles. However, there emerged various problems in the course of operation of the system. This triggered our research to approach the volunteers’ types from the angle of their initiative for participation and to further clarify the factors that influenced the volunteers’ motives for participation, in order to provide references for future management and administration for the personnel in charge of implementing the school volunteer system. This research adopted the two-stage grouping analytical method, and separated the types of the motives that caused the volunteer to participate into three categories: the “growing through learning type”, the “selfbenefiting type” and the “benefiting others type”. Next, we examined if there was significant relationships in the distribution of the volunteer-participation motive types using two parameters: the population statistics and the participating behavior. Then we further cross-analyzed the variable terms that were considerably different, to understand the state of differences. Last, we used the distinguishing analysis to discuss the factors that affected the motive of the volunteer’ participation, so that we could more easily obtain insight into what factors influenced the motive of the volunteers. The results of the research showed there were higher numbers of the “benefiting others type”, 309 people in total; 114 of the “self-benefiting type”, and 35 of the “growing through learning type”. The volunteers were mostly female, 41-50 years old, housewives, graduated from senior high or vocational schools, living with their children, their children studying in the school served, serving more than five years, serving under 3 hours each week, not serving as cadres of the school volunteer group, not involved with other volunteer work, and not having thoughts of leaving their current jobs. Furthermore, the research showed that the volunteers viewed mostly important the following: the positive interactions with their fellow workers in working in the group happily, and sharing their knowledge and experiences; when there were major activities the fellow volunteer workers would accomplish things cooperatively and in agreement; when there are emergencies among the volunteers, the fellow workers in the group would willingly lend a helping hand; feeling that the school is actively and enthusiastically carrying out the volunteer program; they are willing to actively assist the initiation of gathering workers for various volunteer activities. They did not view having a good interaction with the teacher as important as to whether they would volunteer their service or not.