- 學位論文
女性海洛因成癮者之成癮歷程研究
The study on the addiction history of the female heroin dependants
摘要
各國統計數據顯示女性海洛因成癮者的人數比例逐步上升現象，由於女性的生理與心理、社會等特徵與男性大有不同，但目前國內針對女性藥物濫用者之相關研究多以一面向或一情境來著墨，故本研究主張女性藥物成癮者的整體生命歷程與觸發藥物濫用有交叉互相影響。據此，本研究旨在探究（1）從女性海洛因成癮者的原生家庭生活型態和同儕人際互動之發展，與藥物濫用有關的影響；（2）女性成癮者的愛情態度和與親密伴侶關係，及其對成癮行為的影響；（3）對自我的用藥信念看法。並將研究過程中所發現之重要議題進行探索為研究目的。 本研究應用口述歷史研究法，以雲林女子看守所，海洛因成癮女性收容人為受訪對象，在自由意志下同意並經其簽署同意書後，以結構化問卷與多種心理量表施測，以便取得描述性資料，並以半結構問題設計方式進行個別且多次的深度訪談，深入蒐集個人之生命歷程資料，據以了解女性海洛因成癮者生命史和藥物成癮歷程。 本研究共取得九位收容人同意成為受訪者，綜合資料整理，進一步深入訪談分析結果發現：（1）受訪者父母往往為特種行業工作，父母離異，受訪者與家人關係疏遠、呈現失愛而轉向依賴同儕團體；（2）受訪者首次接觸毒品最常見為好奇心使然，其次則為家庭衝突、心裡煩惱、學習中輟等等；（3）受訪者無論首次或再次使用往往是受到同儕或伴侶邀約觸發用藥、或因應情感失落、或高估自己能力並質疑伴侶無法戒癮等情形；（4）即使伴侶有用藥情形和其他違法事件，受訪者仍認定伴侶付出的感情而不捨分離；（5）家人或伴侶規勸停藥有一定的影響作用；（6）受訪者對人生不再有任何期望。 綜合以上，建議女性海洛因成癮者需要調整自我悲觀心理，以及願意接受獨立工作能力的訓練，以社會支持系統的幫助下開創嶄新生活。而面對親密伴侶若為毒癮者，則建議女性加強情緒管理，瞭解此情感依附需求，並盡快引進其他資源替代擺脫依賴；而政府系統單位應多提供設計專為女性的戒治處遇，包含小孩養育和處置的補助。
並列摘要
The increasing rate of heroin addiction in female is a universal problem. It is obvious that women are different to the male physically, psychologically and even in social context. However, the present researches on substance abuse are usually concentrated on the general situation and as a result ignore the unique situations of the female heroin dependents. This study therefore tries to fill the gap and focuses on the interaction between the life course of drug-addicted females and their substance abuse behaviors by examining their original family conditions, their relations to partners and friends and their self-opinion of being a drug abuser. This research adopts oral history interview as the main methodology and has interviewed nine female rehabilitants in Yulin Female Detention Center who had used both amphetamine and heroin. They all agreed to join this research project under free will and signed a letter of consent. In order to understand their life course and experience of substance abuse, the nine interviewees were asked to fill up structured questionnaires and the interviews were guided by semi-structured outlines. After data analyzing, it is found: （1） Their parents usually do particular kinds of jobs, such as gambling. Their parents are in divorce and therefore the interviewees have been suffering from estranged relations to the family. （2） Their first use of drugs is normally driven by curiosity, then followed by frustration caused by family conflict, vexation or interrupted education. （3） No matter the primary use or recurrences, female heroin dependants are usually induced by peers or partners, or as a result of depressions or misestimate their capability of rehabilitant. （4） It is hard to break the emotion connection between heroin-addicted female and their partner even the male are in charge of criminal. （5） Advices of rehabilitation from family members or partners have positive influence on them. （6） The interviewees normally share a pessimistic life perspective. It is suggested that the female heroin dependants have to adjust their pessimistic attitudes about life, accept job-training and use social supporting system wisely. As for those having a drug addicted partner, it is recommended that they should strengthen their emotion control and look for a proper substitute. In addition, the government has to design specific supporting system for the female rehabilitants, including baby rearing and subvention during their rehabilitation.