心形造型與色彩意象之研究

「心」出現在3000年前中國象形文字中，採用心形的各種設計，頻繁出現於許多場合及心形設計品本身，在心形的運用上隱然有特定的規則存在，值得加以探討。因此本研究先探討文獻，找出心形本身的演化過程，及心形意象的意涵，發現心形經常被用來表達愛。然後本研究經由多種不同管道，廣泛蒐集心形相關設計，得到1020個樣本。接著採用三階段的方式，深入鑽研此議題。第一階段採用焦點小組法以討論的方法探討心形應用設計的種類，將樣本分為五大類，包括材質、形狀、色彩、圖文版面配置與表現風格。本研究就各類再細分小類，分別舉例詳加解析。由於1020件樣本中除了純圖像的設計，餘者均為心形圖搭配文字的設計，有524 種(51.37%)，超過總樣本數一半以上。因此第二階段的研究係就心形圖與文的配合設計進行調查。心形圖像搭配文字的524種設計中，依圖與文的位置可將樣本分為三類，其中以心形外圍編排文字者最多，有328種(60.59%)，次為心形內部與外圍皆有文字排列者120 種(22.9%)，文字僅編排於心形內部者最少，有76種(14.5%)。心形圖文樣本設計上以文字為主，心形為輔者佔320種(61.06%)；心形圖和文字皆為輔者其次，有100種(19.08%)；以心形圖為主，文字為輔者有95種(18.12%)，至於心形圖和文字皆為主者僅9種(1.71%)。至於心形圖文中的文字，本研究發現搭配心形的文字內容具有正面感性意義者有 313種(59.73%)，文字內容為理性或描述性者有211種(40.27%)。心形圖文中的心形所採用的色彩，則以紅心最多，有138種(26.33%)，次為紫紅色心有116種(22.13%)，紫心最少，僅6種(1.14%)。 V 紅心多被視為愛心的表徵，或可解釋其在心形圖文設計中被大量運用的原因。但其它的心形在應用設計是否亦傳達愛的訊息？此點前人的文獻中並未探討。因此第三階段的研究採用紅、橙、黃、綠、藍、紫、紫紅等七色，為心形進行由內而外漸層之雙色配色，及七色之單色心形，總計70個樣本，均具有對應之Munsell 色彩值，調查它們所呈現出的愛之感性意象。本研究觀察使用心形設計的族群，發現幾全為女性，因此以問卷調查法對91位具設計背景的大學女生進行抽樣調查，讓受測者選出具有愛的意象之心形，結果發現只有 15.9% 的人覺得彩色心形具有愛的意象。單色心形中以紅心得到最多認可(19.8%)。七組漸層配色樣本中，以具有淺紫紅(10P 7/8)內漸層者最具愛的感覺。七十個樣本中，外圍紅(5R 6/6)內淺紫紅(10P 7/8)漸層者得到最多受測者之肯定(69.2%)，其次為外圍紫色內淺紫紅色漸層(40.7%)。無論何種配色，心形均具有愛的感覺，但配色狀況強烈影響感覺強度。本研究對心形的應用設計所作的深入調查為前人所無，其結果發現應用心形的圖象設計並無規則可循，但心形與文字配合時的設計形式則有特定的趨勢。心形雖然大量運用於表達愛，但亦廣泛運用於其它場合，它與愛聯結的程度視其色彩

關鍵字

心形；圖像；文字；符號；愛的意象；配色；色彩感情

並列摘要

Three thousand years ago “heart” had created on Chinese hieroglyph. From then on the design of different heart images can be found frequently in many different cases. Those places using heart image and the products of heart image more or less show there is particular regulation exists in the application of those works. Therefore this study attempts to dig out the design regulation of heart image application. A literature survey has carried on at first to find out the evolution route of heart shape and its meaning. It was found that heart gradually used to represent heart. This study searched heart-design samples though many different ways. One thousand and twenty samples have collected. The deep investigation in next stage can be separated to three sections Focus group method has been used at the first section of investigation. A group of 3 expert members separated all samples to 5 major groups according to their texture, shape, colour, layout of image and text combination design, and style. Further smaller items were used to separate samples in each group. Some samples were examined and introduced at each items. Except the design of image, the others are all the combinative design of heart image and text. The latter are 524 pieces (51.37%) of 1020 samples. It is over half numbers. Therefore the next section investigates the combination design of heart image and texts. Those 524 samples were separated to 3 groups according to the position of heart image and texts. Most of them have text surrounding heart (328 samples, 60.59%), followed by text inside and also outside heart (120 samples, 22.9%), the least is text inside heart, only 76 samples (14.5%). The number of samples in which text is major and heart is minor is 320 (61.06%), followed by both of hear and text are minor (100 samples, 19.08%). There are 95 samples (18.12%) use heart as major and text as minor. The least is both of heart and text are minor parts, only 9 samples (1.71%). It also founded that samples which text collocates with heart having positive emotional meaning is 313 (59.73%), the text is rational description is 211 samples (40.27%). Most hearts collocate with text is red, 138 samples (26.33%), followed by purplish-red heart 119 samples (22.13%). Purple heart is the least, only 6 samples (1.14%) Red heart is regarded as a symbol of love frequently, it probably is the reason why red heart has the top frequency applied in designs. However it makes people curious whether heart shape still keeps the information of love in different colours? None VII previous study has found at this topic. Therefore the third section investigation uses seven single colours including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple and their gradient colours between each pair to make 70 samples with heart shape. All samples have Munsell codes. This study observed the people of using heart design and found nearly all of them are female. Therefore ninety-one female students with design background answered the questionnaire to choice those samples they thought having love image. The experimental results show that the average approval of love image for all hearts only 15.9%. Red heart gets most approval (19.8%) among all single colour hearts. Light magenta (10P 7/8) inside samples have most agreement in all seven groups of gradient colour samples. Light magenta (10P 7/8) gradient to red (5R 6/6) surround is the top love image with 69.2% agreement, followed by light magenta gradient to purple surround (40.7%). Heart shape has love image no matter its colour is, but colour strongly affects the degree of love it expressed. This study carried on a deep investigation of heart shape application design. It never been done in previous study. It was found that there is not significant design rule at pure image design, but the combination of heart shape and texts has common trend. Although heart shape greatly used to express love, it also widely applied in the other cases. The degree of love it links with is dependent on its colour.