國小五年級學生對新型流感的預防行為及認知-以台南市柳營國小為例

Prevention behaviors and related factors on novel influenza of Fifth grade elementary students - Tainan Luying Elementary School

蔡蕙霙(Hui-Ying Tsai)

指導教授 ： 劉湘川

亞洲大學/資訊學院/生物資訊學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

隨著世界各國距離的縮短及國際交流頻繁等因素，使得傳染病的傳染速度與傳染範圍不斷擴增，亦喚醒世人對傳染病的警戒與重視。本研究目的主要在了解國小五年級學童對於新型流感預防行為現況，並進一步探討影響新型流感預防行為之相關因素。
研究結果顯示：
1. 學生在新型流感知識上，預防層面較基礎知識充足；學童面對新型流感的健康信念都很積極、正向。
2. 學生在新型流感預防行為上，積極且正向，但學童對於自備酒精洗手劑進行局部消毒及多花時間注意新型流感的相關報導上，卻不積極。顯示學生家長須多陪同、關心，而學校則可再加強宣導。
3. 學童有相當正確的傳染病預防觀念，惟獨出門戴口罩這件事不夠積極，校方需再加強宣導。
4. 學生有注射過新型流感疫苗經驗的學童佔總人數的七成，其新型流感嚴重性認知上得分亦較高。這顯示：重視預防行為（包含減少接觸流感症狀之人）的家庭，不但染病率較低，且正確的防疫行為更會影響家中的學童起而仿效，確實遵行。
5. 學童新型流感知識愈豐富，罹患性、有效性認知及嚴重性認知愈高，其在新型流感預防行為上就愈積極。
6. 健康信念中，以嚴重性認知與預防行為之間的相關性最高，其次是罹患性認知、有效性認知，最低的是障礙性認知。由此可見，本校學童在預防行為上所遭遇到的阻礙比其他因素影響來得小。
建議在未來實施衛生教育介入方面，需把握新型流感流行之際進行隨機教學，加強基礎知識的宣導，並且將教育對象涵蓋老師及學生家長，讓家長確實感知防疫工作的重要，並積極督促學童在校外的健康行為。

關鍵字

新型流感 ； 健康信念 ； 傳染病預防行為

並列摘要

As international interactions happen more frequently and closely, distances between countries seem to be shortened. The spreading speed and infected areas of contagious diseases continue to increase. We are awakening to the importance and alert of contagious diseases. The present study aimed to understand the prevention behaviors of fifth grade elementary students against novel influenza. It further examined related factors affecting the prevention behaviors against novel influenza.
The results of the study show that:
The students’ prevention knowledge of novel influenza was more sufficient than the basics; their health beliefs on novel influenza were affirmative and positive.
Even though the students were affirmative and positive on prevention behaviors against novel influenza, they were negative on self-providing alcoholic hand cleaner for partial disinfection; and spending more time paying attention to related news about novel influenza. This indicates that parents should spend more time with them and give more attentions. Schools should put efforts on publicity and guidance.
The students had correct concepts on prevention of contagious diseases, but were passive on wearing masks outdoors. Schools should put more efforts on publicity.
70% of students, who had injected novel influenza vaccine, got higher scores in cognizing the severity of novel influenza. This showed that families which paid respect to prevention behaviors (include decreasing contact with people who have symptoms of novel influenza), had lower percentage of being infected. Correct prevention behaviors can influence students in families to imitate and follow thoroughly.
The more knowledgeable students were, the higher degrees of cognition of pathopoiesia, effectiveness and severity they had; the more positive they were on prevention behaviors against novel influenza.
In the concepts of health, the degree of relativity between the cognition of severity and prevention behaviors was the highest; the next highest was the cognition of pathopoiesia, and then the cognition of effectiveness; and the lowest was the cognition of impediment. It shows that obstacles students encountered in the school had less influence than other factors on prevention behaviors. In the implementation of hygiene education, the study suggests that schools should put more efforts on publishing basic knowledge and provide more guidance during novel influenza epidemics. Both teachers and parents should be included in the targeted audiences. Parents should know the importance of epidemic prevention and supervise the health behaviors of students outside schools.

並列關鍵字

novel influenza ； health beliefs ； prevention behaviors against contagious diseases

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