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  • 學位論文

非營利組織方案之系統思考與社會投資報酬分析:以罕見疾病基金會之國內遺傳檢驗補助為例

Systems Thinking and Social Return on Investment Analysis of Non-profit Organization: Genetic Testing Allowance in Taiwan of Taiwan Foundation for Rare Disorders (TFRD)

指導教授 : 陳定銘

摘要


財團法人罕見疾病基金會於 2009 年啟動國內遺傳檢驗補助服務 方案,藉由補助遺傳檢驗費用以增加送檢人數,進而提高確診人數, 達到罕病防治的目的,並且作為營運模式示範,推動政府承接遺傳檢 驗補助之責任。本研究之目的:1)探索方案適合的 SROI 評估方式, 讓評估方案的工作精練,評估結果讓人信服。2)探索將 SROI 訪談資 料加入系統思考(ST)分析可以得到的收穫和可能的問題。3)探索 使政府完全承接方案的誘因和作法。研究方法以系統思考之系統動力 學與行動者網絡理論(ANT)等方法和社會投資報酬分析(SROI) 評估其價值。研究結果發現:1)方案扮演必經點(OPP)的角色, 因為方案存在,台灣罕病遺傳檢驗服務生態系統才存在。2)罕病患 者的確診能節省政府的醫療支出,此成果佔總成果超過 7 成,是方案 最主要的成果,可以支持基金會推動政府承擔遺傳檢驗補助的政策倡 議行動。3)對於方案來說,以成本效益分析(CBA)淨社會效益作 為指標來比較歷年表現,比 SROI 更合適。接下來可以本研究為基礎, 將 SROI 報告轉換為符合 CBA 標準的方案評估報告,更適合政策倡議 行動的推展。研究結論是:1)加入 ANT 分析能夠看出必經點的價值, 提供 SROI 計算時的重要觀點,確定 SROI 大於 1,方案的效益大於成 本。2)SROI 和 ST 有互相補強的效果。必經點補強了 SROI 的計算, 系統動力學的環路補強事件鏈片段化的觀點。為了 SROI 而找到的成 果提供了系統圖的新變數,進而發現政策倡議行動的方向和可能性。 3)計算罕病患者的確診為政府節省的支出,作為遺傳檢驗補助之經 費的指標,研究影響政府審核的因素,滾動式評估系統以推動方案的 演進,並藉由社會影響力債券籌措資金可促使政府完全承接方案。

並列摘要


Taiwan Foundation for Rare Disorders (TFRD) launched Genetic Testing Allowance program (GTA) in 2009. By subsidizing genetic testing fee to enroll participants, the number of diagnosed patients increases, and the purpose of rare disorder prevention and control achieves. GTA also serves as an operational model to make the government undertake the responsibility of GTA. The purpose of this study: 1) To explore the suitable way for GTA in SROI to make the evaluation simple and the results convincing. 2) To explore the advantage and possible problems of applying Systems Thinking (ST) to SROI interview transcript. 3) To explore the incentives and methods for the government to fully undertake GTA. The methods are Systems Thinking methodologies like System Dynamics, Actor- network theory, and so on and Social return on investment (SROI). We found that: 1) GTA is Obligatory passage point (OPP), which means because of GTA the rare disorder genetic testing service ecosystem in Taiwan exists. 2) the diagnosis of rare disorder patients can save the government's medical expenditure, and this outcome accounts for more than 70% of the total outcome. It is the most important outcome of GTA, which can support the policy initiatives to encourage the government to undertake GTA. 3) For GTA, net social benefits of Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is more appropriate than SROI as the indicator to compare performance over years. Converting SROI report to comply with CBA is more helpful for the policy initiatives. The conclusions of this study: 1) Adding ANT discloses the value of OPP, providing important point of view for calculating SROI, and determines that SROI is greater than 1. The benefit is more than the cost. 2) SROI and ST are mutually beneficial. OPP fixes the calculation of SROI. The loops of System Dynamics expand the view of fragmented chain of events. The outcome found from SROI is a new variable in the system map, helping the emergence of the direction and possibility of policy initiatives. 3) Calculating the saved medical expenditures for the government by the diagnosis of rare disorder patients as an indicator of the funding for GTA, studying the factors that affect government's decision, iteratively evaluating the system to make GTA evolve, and raising funds through Social Impact Bonds can make government fully undertake GTA.

參考文獻


參考文獻
一. 中文
宋應勤 (2020)。 區塊鏈技術應用於建構客觀社會影響力評估方法與指標之研究(碩士論文)。 取自:https://ir.dila.edu.tw//handle/123456789/980
罕見疾病基金會網站 (2021a)。 財團法人罕見疾病基金會—2017 年國內檢驗補助 一覽表。 取自:http://www.tfrd.org.tw/upload/manual/aca/ MedicalService/Domestic/2017domestic.htm
罕見疾病基金會網站 (2021b)。 財團法人罕見疾病基金會—加入本會及服務流程。 取自:http://www.tfrd.org.tw/tfrd/service_a

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