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疏離化、異化與現代中國文學的翻譯:以賴威廉的魯迅小說英譯為例

Defamiliarization, Foreignization, and the Translation of Modern Chinese Literature: The Case of William Lyell's Translation of Lu Xun

摘要


綜觀魯迅小說作品從一九二〇年代開始被英譯的歷史,大致上譯者都深受某種「期待規範」的制約,把譯文流暢性視為最優先考量的翻譯原則,其中又以王際真、楊憲益與戴乃迭、藍詩玲最具代表性。本文選擇美國譯者賴威廉的魯迅小說譯文為研究對象,先闡述魯迅小說本身特有的「疏離化」文字風格,繼而以實際譯例來說明賴威廉打破了前述的「期待規範」,不以譯文流暢性為最優先考量,為了在譯文中保留這種特有風格而做出的種種努力,並且論及為何從美國翻譯理論家韋奴蒂的觀點看來,賴威廉的譯文所採取的就是某種典型的「異化」翻譯策略。最後,本文將從韋奴蒂的「差異倫理學」視角出發去討論賴威廉的「異化」翻譯策略有何翻譯倫理學意含。

並列摘要


Since Lu Xun was first translated in the 1920s, and many translators were constrained by some "expectancy norm," the principle of textual fluency has been largely prioritized in the process of translation, which can be justified by the representative translations done by Wang Chi-chen, Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang, and also Julia Lovell. This study focuses on the Lu Xun stories translated by American sinologist-translator William Lyell, and begins with exploring Lu Xun's peculiar writing style from the perspective of "defamiliarization." Secondly, passages in Lyell's translation are used to show that he transgresses the afore-mentioned "expectancy norm" and chooses not to prioritize textual fluency, making all kinds of efforts to preserve Lu Xun's writing style instead. From the perspective of American translation studies scholar Lawrence Venuti, Lyell's translation can be viewed as a foreignizing translation par excellence. To conclude this study, Venuti's so-called "ethics of difference" is adopted to discuss the ethical significances of Lyell's foreignizing translation.

參考文獻


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