何首烏命名由來功效主治與方劑配伍之文獻研究

何首烏在本草文獻中的名稱不一，如《何首烏錄》中稱為野苗、交藤、夜合、地精、桃柳藤；《開寶本草》中稱為陳知白；《鬥門方》中稱為赤葛、九真藤；《理傷續斷秘方》中稱為赤斂；《外科精要》中稱為瘡帚、紅內消；《雲南中草藥選》中稱為黃花烏根、小獨根；《經驗方》中稱為首烏；《本草綱目》中稱為馬肝石，清代汪昂明確指出何首烏之命名乃因其功能而定。名稱雖多，但功效主治不外乎補肝、益腎、養血、祛風；方劑配伍靈活運用，千變萬化，可配伍清熱藥、健脾祛濕藥、理氣藥、理血藥、補氣藥、補血藥、補陽藥、補陰藥等，其中以當歸、牛膝、地黃、茯苓、枸杞、白朮等補益藥使用最多，此外加入黑豆有引藥入腎增強其溫補肝腎的功能，以酒送下則有助溫通經絡之效。

關鍵字

何首烏；功效主治；方劑配伍

並列摘要

There were many names of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. on Chinese herbs literature, such as naming ye-miao, jiao-teng, ye-he, di-jing, tao-lio-teng in he-shouwu-lu book, naming chen-zhi-bai in kai-bao-ben-cao book, naming chi-ge, jiu-zhenteng in dou-men-fang book, naming chi-lian in li-shang-xu-duan-mi-fang book, naming chuang-zhou, hong-nei-xiao in wai-ke-jing-yao book, naming huang-huawu-gen, xiao-du-gen in yun-nan-zhong-cao-yao-xuan book, naming shou-wu in jingyan-fang book and naming ma-gan-shi in ben-cao-gang-mu book. The medical expert wang-ang of the Qing dynasty definitely pointed that the naming of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. was according to the functions. The effective treatment included tonifying the liver, strengthening the kidney, nourishing the blood and dispel the wind. There were many drugs with different type of function were vivid and flexibly in the method of formula compatibility, such as heat-clearing drug, invigorating spleen for eliminating dampness drug, drugs for regulating qi flow, drugs for regulating blood conditions, qi-invigorating herbs, qi-invigorating herbs and drugs for benefiting both yin and yang. The most used drugs in formula compatibility of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. were tonic drugs such as dang-gui, niu-xi, dihuang, fu-ling, ju-qi and bai-zhu. The function of black soy beans was strengthening and tonify the liver and kidney by leading the medicine to the kidney in formula compatibility of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., so as to warming channel of the human body by take the medicine with wine in formula compatibility of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.