Fifteen specimens of the cucumberfish Paraulopus oblongus were caught by bottom trawlers off Southwestern Taiwan. This species can be distinguished from congeners by 1) 2.5 scales above and below the lateral line, 2) 10 dorsal fin rays (usually), and 3) relatively long pectoral fins. This represents the first record of this species, and only the second record from the Paraulopus genus, in Taiwan.