《論語•子路曾皙冉有公西華待坐章》新析

The New Analysis of the Confucian Analects the Chapter of Zilu, Zeng Xi, Ran You and Congxi Hua Serving and Keeping Confucius Company

劉國平(Guo-Ping Liou)

《研究與動態》 8期 (2003/06) Pp. 15-35

摘要

《論語•先進》〈子路曾皙冉有公西華侍坐〉一章，乃孔子與弟子討論個人抱負之紀錄，但夫子聽了從子路到曾皙（點）所表述的志向襟懷後，不禁一聲長嘆而後說：「吾與點也。」由於夫子對曾點「嘆息」又「稱許」，因之引起到底夫子真意為何的爭論。本文試圖透過當時情境之分析及紀錄真相之還原，全面釐清包括當時師弟的年齡、孔子之職位、（孔子所問）問題的內涵、記錄之真相、夫子之哂由、眾生之志行、曾點之鼓瑟、夫子之喟嘆、對點之稱許、眾生之噤聲、曾點之問話、孔子之回答等問題，期對夫子真正之用心，有所澄清，並對所有師弟之間應對之內涵與過程有個較合理的解釋與說明。

關鍵字

論語 ； 侍坐 ； 子路 ； 曾點 ； 喟然嘆曰

並列摘要

《The Confucian Analects•the chapter of Zilu, Zeng xi, Ran You and Congxi Hua Serving and Keeping Confucius Company》is record of Confucius inquire for his students' aspiration. But when the Confucius heard the answers from Zilu to Zeng Xi, he cannot help himself to resist suspire and say ”I am agree with Zeng Xi”. Because of Confucius「suspire」but「approve」for Zeng Xi, result in issue of what is the Confucian intendment. This article drive at through the analyzing of the temporal scene, status and the reduction of documentary, totally straighten out the following items: Confucius and his students' age on that time, the appointment of Confucian, the connotation of question, the truth of documentary, the laugh of Confucius to Zilu, the aspiration of students, the playing She（瑟）of Zng Xi, the sigh of Confucius, the approval to Zeng Xi, the silence of students, the question of Zeng Xi, the answer of Confucius etc. Expect that we can understand the meaning of confucious, and give a pragmatize for all procedures of the μconversation among the Confucious and his students.

並列關鍵字

The Confuciun Analects ； Serving and Keeping Company ； Zilu,Zeng Xi,sigh (suspire and say)