詩、史之問－＜商頌＞與宋人的歷史意識

Between the Poem and History: "San-Song" and the History-Consciousness of the Sung Country

謝昆恭(Kun-Goon Hsieh)

《研究與動態》 11期 (2004/12) Pp. 69-84

摘要

本文以〈商頌〉文本為行文基礎，論說其中的歷史內涵並疏理「殷遺」宋人的歷史意識，以及可能的「興復之志」。〈商頌〉的性質是宗廟祭祀的詩歌，意在詠頌祖宗功績；其基調則是「受命」，而「受命」之所以能具現，在於祖宗的「武烈」－征伐拓土，因此，〈商頌〉五篇，充滿赳武踔厲的旋律。此一頌詩，含攝商人國族肇建、擴張、強大，以至奄有天下的精要歷程。宋國，於周的封建秩序下，為周天子之「客」。宋人在祭祀先祖時，透過儀式性的音聲樂舞，傳誦祖宗的武烈與受命歷史，時空即便懸隔，情志依然高昂。〈商頌〉的文辭既承載宋人的歷史記憶，也成為宋人述論國史的基礎，兩者之問，關係密切，形成宋人對國族歷史發展的認知意識。此一歷史意識，反映在春秋時代的政治現實，可能就是宋人幽微的「興復之志」。〈商頌〉未必有美宋襄公之作，然而宋襄公有「欲為盟主」之心，就現世的期望與行為的綰結而官，〈商頌〉長期作為宋人的歷史述論文本，並由此而內化的歷史意識，對於宋襄公的「欲為盟主」或有所影響。

關鍵字

商頌 ； 歷史意識 ； 武烈 ； 征伐 ； 受命

並列摘要

Based on ”San-Song”, the paper is to portray its historical implications, and display the history-consciousness of the Sung people-descendants of the San Dynasty, together with their likely recovery ambition. ”San-Song” is by nature a recital poem for temple ceremonies, which is intended to praise forefathers' accomplishments. Thereby, ancestral mission to expand territories, and their war successes, make the text full of heroic and splendid rhymes. The poem details the construction, expansion, and summit of San's national identity. To Jou Dynasty, Sung acts as the ”guest” of the Jou emperor. In this sense, the ceremonial musical poem may both incur memory of their forefathers, and transfer ancestral war success and history to then. In other words, ”San-song” contains with history consciousness, and the national identity of the Sung people, both of which are closely-related, and also likely to hint their recovery ambition. ”San-Song” may not necessarily have Sung-Shiang-Kung's literary achievement highly valued, but his ambition for leadership might be displayed due to the interiorized history Consciousness.

並列關鍵字

San-Song ； history-consciousness ； war-success ； conquer ； participato Dei ； desting