電子商務網站面對不同的瀏覽者,因此在設計網站的內容呈現時必須考量到不同的因素,並且需要依據不同的瀏覽者特徵進行了解。心理學的研究表明,人格特徵上存在的差異不僅對消費者的商品選擇行為會產生明顯影響,而且對公司所進行的促銷活動也會產生不同的反應。認知型態為影響個人收集、分析、評量與詮釋資訊方式的人格特徵。目前關於電子商務網站的研究中,較少探討如何針對使用者認知型態來提供消費者適當的資訊呈現,因此本研究針對使用者在瀏覽電子商務網站時的心理層面了解,依據心理學家Jung提出之人類對於知覺(如何發現或吸收資訊)與判斷(如何處理所吸收的資訊)等兩個基礎認知功能,所組成的精熟型、理解型、自我表達型和注重人際型等四種認知型態,希望能利用認知型態與電子商務網站介面設計的結合提供適合個別消費者的資訊呈現模式。本研究以使用者認知型態為自變數,使用者對各類網站介面中呈現商品資訊的元件(在此稱為資訊呈現元件)使用模式為應變數。以頻率次數來分析使用者認知型態與使用各種資訊呈現元件行為間的關係,並據此設計針對使用者認知型態之個人化電子商務網站介面。以唱片商品為例,參考各大電子商務網站選擇了17種資訊呈現元件,包括:排行榜、維薦區、最新消息、暢銷區、特價區、分類目錄(Index)、當天交易商品、最新商品、樂迷評鑑、產品描述、樂曲試聽、預售區、購買相關性分析、商品合購促銷區、討論區、封面圖片等。首先,如一般商務網站,設計一個包含所有17種資訊呈現元件的網站介面讓使用者瀏覽,以158位大學與碩士班主修資訊管理的使用者為實驗對象,並收集分析使用者的瀏覽行為紀錄,分析結果發現各種認知型態的使用者會依據各自的特性找尋適合自己的資訊呈現元件,無論從點選次數、點選比率、停留時間和點選方式等多方面皆可看出其差異性。依據此分析結果,本研究設計出適合各種認知型態之個人化網站介面。
Consumers make numerous product decisions every day. This decision-making process depends on the information processing style employed. A key factor here is a consumer's cognitive style. People have different cognitive styles that influence how they organize and process information, hence, influence their buying decisions. However, cognitive styles are usually ignored when designing personalized Web site interface. To this end, this research investigates the relationship between users' cognitive styles and the Web site interface presence. Researchers have developed a variety of cognitive style models. One of the popular cognitive style models is Jung's theory of cognitive styles. Jung's theory of cognitive styles is based on two fundamental cognitive functions, perception (how people find out or absorb information) and judgment (how people process or make judgment about the absorbed information). Based on perception and judgment, four cognitive styles, mastery, understanding, self-expressive, and interpersonal, are discussed. This research takes cognitive style as the independent variable and the browsing pattern of information presentation components as the dependent variable. One hundred and fifty eight college students were asked to visit an experimental Web site containing music CDs as the product. Seventeen information presentation components are included in the experimental Web site. The experimental results reveal that users with different cognitive styles have different behaviors for using information presentation components in terms of average selection ratio, selection frequency, and staying time. Based on the analyzed results, this research designs personalized Web interface for different user cognitive styles accordingly.