《長生殿》集唐下場詩之「多義性」研究

《長生殿》是明清時期重要的傳奇作品，不僅歷來爭相搬演傳唱，學者對其探討之熱情，亦不曾稍減。「李楊情事」自唐代以來便是文人不斷敘述的愛情故事，並以各種文學體裁出現，包括詩歌、傳奇小說、雜劇、傳奇，其中又以《長生殿》為戲曲上的高度展現。「若一涉穢跡，恐防風教，決不闌入」是洪昇創作時依循之準則，也因此整部《長生殿》充分展現了李楊二者間的純潔情愛。《長生殿》的爭相傳唱，與作品本身的審音協律及文辭優美有莫大關聯，洪昇以其優異才華，將前人詩詞大量地融入於曲文賓白中，且運用得當，不露痕跡，尤其是劇中下場詩的集句詩作，將唐代詩歌巧妙的一一融鑄，不僅嚴守格律，內容亦上下連貫，形成了一首首富有新生命的詩作。此種詩歌重組再創說明了作為讀者的洪昇，閱讀文本時所生的「多義性」與「空白不定性」，促使洪昇擁有再創的空間，賦予詩歌新的視點與內涵。本文主要透過《長生殿》下場詩的重新審視，探討集句詩原作的多向性解讀，同時也因《長生殿》自身的戲劇角度，促使在下場集句詩之運用上，賦予了詩歌視點上的轉移效果。

關鍵字

下場詩；多義性；長生殿；空白結構；集句詩

並列摘要

＂The Changsheng Palace＂ is an important legendary works of period of Ming and Qing Dynasty, have not merely been performed all the time, and scholars never reduced their enthusiasm for exploration. Literati of Chinese Successive Generations has been writing＂ the love story of Li Long-ji and Yang Yu-huan＂ since the Tang Dynasty and which appeared in various kinds of literary genre, including poem, legendary novel, Zaju Ming and Legend Notes. Among them＂The Changsheng Palace＂ as the height on the performance of drama.＂Once an author involved in indecent words,he probably offended conventional morality,and I never have done it.＂Above passage is the criterion of writing by Hong Sheng,therefore whole ＂The Changsheng Palace＂ adequately represents pure love of Li and Yang. ＂The Changsheng Palace＂has been competed for performances.It is a result of fine desigh in phraseology the work itself and conforms the rules and forms of classical poetic composition.Hong Sheng has excellent literary talent,incorporating former poets’ works in spoken parts and lyrics of the song in a large amount by a natural way.Especially,the poem of Exit Poetry of ＂the poem made up of lines from varied poets（collecting-lines）＂ in the text ingeniously blend with Tang Dynasty Poetry.Not only strictly conform rules and forms of classical poetic composition,but the content is also consistent.It revitalize poems in tradition indigenous to chinese drama.Hong Sheng as a reader,the recombination of former poems proves that when we read the text and which produces ＂polysemy＂ and ＂blank ambiguity＂.Two of them urge Honh Sheng to have space of re-writing and give poem new view point and cannotation.This text is through the re-examination of Exit Poetry of＂Jitang＂Verses in ＂The Changsheng Palace＂, studied on ＂polysemetic interpretation＂of original works of Exit Poetry. At the same time, because dramatic points of view of ＂The Changsheng Palace＂itself in use of ＂the poem made up of lines from varied poets＂, making the effect of shift of Perspective in appreciation of Poetry.