兒童青少年地震創傷後壓力反應之追蹤研究

A Follow up Research on Post-earthquake Stress Reacitions of Children and Adolescents

高淑貞(Shu-Chen Kao)

《彰化師大輔導學報》 26卷1期 (2004/06) Pp. 85-106

https://doi.org/10.7040/GJ.200406.0085

摘要

本研究針對九二一地震某災區國中小學生之地震創傷壓力反應，進行三年期前後之調查比較，以探討地震災害對兒童青少年之長期影響，災難發生後不同時間與災童年齡大小對壓力反應的影響。研究主要在測量創傷壓力反應，並佐以憂鬱與焦慮的調查。除追蹤瞭解三年後之適應狀況外，並以縱貫、橫斷、世代三種研究設計比較前後不同群組之資料。結果顯示地震三年後約有5.2%學生為 PTSD 高危險群，4.1%為高憂鬱群，女生比男生更多PTSD與憂鬱症狀。PTSD與憂鬱、焦慮存在高相關，焦慮在預測PTSD是較好的指標。兒童晚期比青少年初期更顯著表現PTSD症狀，災難發生後三年，時間顯著削弱大部分學童PTSD反應，但青少年初期此族群在地震三年前後反應差異不大。最後根據研究發現對實務工作與研究方向提出建議。

關鍵字

長期研究 ； 地震創傷壓力反應 ； 憂鬱 ； 焦慮

並列摘要

This study aims to explore the post-earthquake trauma stress reactions among late childhood and early adolescent in three years and to investigate the effects of time and age on the development of PTSD. Two surveys were conducted for data collections, the first survey was two months after the earthquake while the second survey was three years later. Subjects included 301 pupils and 550 adolescents as total. PTSD, depression and anxiety among students were investigated by instruments. Data were analyzed through three different research designs, the longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cohort designs, for different purposes. Results show that three years after the earthquake, there are 5.2% of students who are at high risk of PTSD and 4.1% are at high risk of depression. Both gender and grade are significant different in PTSD and depression. There are significant correlations among PTSD, As time passing by, most pupils are recovering from the PTSD symptoms. Children are more vulnerable to PTSD than adolescents are. Adolescents in different time period have similar responses to earthquake. Recommendations for further clinical work and study are also discussed.

並列關鍵字

longitudinal study ； PTSD ； depression ； anxiety

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