社區警察因應民眾對治安需求之研究

A Study on Citizens' Needs for Community Policing

蔡德輝(Te-Hui Tsai) ； 楊士隆(Shu-Lung Yang)

《犯罪學期刊》 4期 (1999/06) Pp. 1-52

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.199906.0001

摘要

近年來，我國犯罪問題日益嚴重，執行治安維護重任知警察，雖耗損眾多警力，致力於打擊犯罪，但卻因仍未能有效抗制犯罪，滿足民眾社會治安之需求，而招致諸多批評。為此，本研究認為，為有效達預防及控制犯罪之目的，除應探訪員警，改進現行警察勤務外，有必要針對民眾之需求，加以調查尋求共識，以強化維護治安效能，減少犯罪之發生。本研究於民國八十五年五月間，以自行設計之問卷，對台北市政府警察局大安分局員警三百八十二名暨台北市大安區民眾三百六十三名進行調查。研究結果發現，在民眾需求方面，認為最需要警察服務之項目為：多到附近巡邏（54.3%），且認為強化守望相助工作，可減少犯罪侵害（29.6%），此外，研究顯示社區民眾親自參與守望相助意願甚高（62.2%），但卻因沒有時間而無法參加（68.2%）。在員警方面，則認為維護社會治安工作最重要的項目為：多到附近巡邏（46.7%）、多參與社區活動（26.5%）等，而增加主動與民眾接觸之次數（30.6%）、加強守望相助（29.2%）等，可強化民眾安全感，但多數員警卻認為，民眾不願意親自參加守望相助工作（53.1%）。在社區民眾與員警對治安需求之比較上，研究發現，民眾及員警均認為，強化犯罪預防宣導措施，為治安維護之第一要務，而在提存巨款隨行保護、舉家外出住宅安全巡邏上其共識程度亦甚高，最不需要之服務項目為開放警察機關供民眾參觀。綜合言之，傳統警察策略多從警察人員自身之觀點出發，較少考慮及服務對象─「民眾」之感受。本研究兼顧及員警之專業與民眾之內在需求，有助於強化警民溝通、協調，發揮警察治安維護之功效，達成防治犯罪之目的。本研究建議：一、加強民力運用，籌組守望相助組織，協助警察共同維護社區治安。二、加強暴力犯罪防制工作，降低民眾犯罪被害恐懼感。三、調整警察勤務運作方式，加強巡邏密度，提高警察人員能見度，提升民眾之安全感。四、強化警察社區化措施，改善警力配置，實施有效勤務，預防犯罪。

並列摘要

Crime has become more serious in Taiwan recently. Although the police who launch a serial of strikes to sweep street clean, the criticisms from the public still many, and believed that the police cannot control the crime. As a result, we suggest that the police should not only readjust their patrolling, but also require listening opinion from the citizen, to improve the public security more efficiently, and reduce the crime.By using the self-reported questionnaire, 382 police officers of Ta-AnnPrincent and 363 citizens living in Taipei were investigated. Researchprimarily finds that: (1)For the citizens' demand, the citizens strongly ask thepolice to increase the patrol times (54.3 %), to keep intensively watch andhelp each other in the community (29. 6%). Besides, the desire ofcommunity members to participate neighborhood watch programs are high (62.2%). However, they do not have enough time to involve it. (2)To policeofficers, they consider the most efficiencient way to defend public safety are to increase the patrol times (46.7%), more participate in the community activity (26.5% ), more interaction with citizens (30.6 %), reinforce neighborhood programs in the community (29.2%) . But most police officers believed that the citizens generally do not consider participating the neighborhood watch programs (53.1%). Research findings further show that the citizens and police officers both require that more crime prevention campaign, provide the necessary protection for customer's banking, and to increase the patrol times. They are the primary tasks for crime control.We suggest that the government should: (1)establish formal organization to coordinate the neighborhood programs in the community, to defend the public safety with the police together. (2)Reinforce the control of violent-crime so as to decrease the fear of crime. (3)Reorganize the patrolling, to increase the patrol times. (4)Strengthen the role of community policing, and reorient their patrol operation more efficiently.