都市污水再生利用之職業健康風險評估－以臺中福田水資源回收中心為例

目標：臺灣雨量豐沛但水資源短缺，使用再生水是提升水資源使用率之可行解決方案。本研究估算都市污水之再生水使用於工業中，職業人員終身暴露的化學性致癌與非致癌風險及大腸桿菌感染風險，期望提供基礎數據，以確保勞工的職場安全並促進水資源再利用發展。方法：分析臺中福田水資源回收中心水質檢測數據，以一般工業部門勞工為評估之暴露族群，暴露途徑以吸入及手口誤食為主，根據環保署「健康風險評估技術規範」和生物劑量反應模式，估算砷、鋇、硼、鎘、總鉻（以六價鉻計算）、鉛、錳、汞、鎳、硒、鍶、鋅、氰、氟、一溴二氯甲烷、三溴甲烷、二溴氯甲烷、三氯甲烷共18種化學物之終身職業致癌與非致癌風險及大腸桿菌年感染風險。結果：化學物終身致癌風險總和平均值，男性為4.29E-05-5.21E-05，女性為3.12E-05-3.89E-05。其中，鉻的化學性致癌風險最高，男性為3.76E-05-4.57E-05，女性為2.73E-05-3.41E-05；終身非致癌風險總和平均值均小於1（非致癌可接受風險建議值）。生物性感染評估結果顯示，再生水在經過逆滲透及加氯消毒處理後，大腸桿菌感染風險為3.78E-06-5.96E-06，低於世界衛生組織建議值（10^(-4)人／年）。結論：由於人體參數不同，男性健康風險大於女性。一般勞工使用都市污水再生水，職業上暴露化學物之終身致癌、非致癌風險及大腸桿菌感染風險均小於目前國際認定的可接受風險建議值。

關鍵字

再生水；職業健康；致癌；感染；風險

並列摘要

Objectives: Proper reuse of municipal wastewater could increase water resource in Taiwan. This study evaluated occupational health risk, chemical lifetime carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects, and E. coli infection risk, for general workers as they exposed to reclaimed water of municipal wastewater. Methods: Measurements for toxicants and microorganisms of reclaimed water were obtained from the data of Fu-Tian Water Resource Recycling Center in Taichung City. Exposure routes of inhalation and hand-to-mouth oral were evaluated for general workers. Lifetime occupational carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects in association with 18 chemical compounds (Arsenic, Barium, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium (Cr^(6+)), Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, Selenium, Strontium, Zinc, Cyanide, Fluorine, Bromodichloromethane, Bromoform, Chlorodibromomethane, and Chloroform) and annual E. coli infection risk in reclaimed water were estimated according to authority guideline and biological infectious model. Results: Lifetime occupational carcinogenic risks ranged from 4.29E-05 to 5.21E-05 for male workers and 3.12E-05 to 3.89E-05 for female workers. Toxicant Chromium (Cr^(6+)) is related to highest carcinogenic risk that ranged from 3.76E-05 to 4.57E-05 for male workers and 2.73E-05 to 3.41E-05 for female workers. This study identified the lifetime noncarcinogenic risk were all acceptable (lower than the ceiling of the risk recommendation). After the reverse osmosis and chlorination treatment, E. coli infection risk was lower than the WHO recommendation (ranges from 3.78E-06 to 5.96E-06). Conclusions: Male workers have higher occupational health risks than female workers due to the variations of physical parameters. Lifetime occupational carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks and annual E. coli infection risk by using reclaimed water of municipal wastewater were all meet the international recommendations for occupational exposure.

並列關鍵字

reclaimed water ； occupational health ； cancer ； infection ； risk

國際替代計量

都市污水再生利用之職業健康風險評估－以臺中福田水資源回收中心為例

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