長崎唐話與琉球官話－兩種近似的域外漢語比較

A Comparison between Two Overseas Chinese Languages: Nagasaki Tang Hua and Ryukyu Mandarin Chinese (Guanhua)

林慶勳(Lin Ching-Hsiun)

《應華學報》 22期 (2020/06) Pp. 23-88

https://doi.org/10.6391/JAC.202006_(22).0002

摘要

長崎通事書或琉球官話課本，內容的撰述多數以在地發生的大小事物的描寫或評述，寫作則模仿明清白話小說的敘述，以貼近『口語』表現的書寫，讓學習的通事們，可以即刻活用在各自的工作場域，平心而論屬於相當實用的說話學習教材。本文主要討論長崎通事書或琉球官話課本，雖然都是口語記載的語言教材，但兩者呈現有極大的差異。包括因工作性質或工作對象不同，讓長崎通事書內容極大化地傾向實用，因此脫胎於白話小說的痕跡相當清晰，目標在讓學習的通事現學現用。琉球官話課本的編輯，則為了通事工作上需要，可能接觸清朝冊封使或者朝貢時需要面對的正式場面，因此官話課本編寫比較偏向於典雅的說話方式。本文也說明《琉球寫本《人中畫》》一書的重現，讓後人見識到琉球通事如何將白話體小說改編成口語官話教材的過程。

關鍵字

通事書 ； 唐話 ； 琉球官話 ； 白話小說 ； 直解

並列摘要

The main content of Nagasaki Tsujisho and the Ryukyu's textbook of Mandarin are the descriptions and comments on daily life; also, their writing style imitated the Ming/Qing dynasties' vernacular novels, which means the contents are quite colloquial. As a result, these textbooks are practical since Tou-tsuuji learners could directly use the content in their working area. This paper aims to compare the differences between Nagasaki Tsujisho and the Ryukyu's textbook of Mandarin. Although they are both colloquial language learning materials, these two textbooks are essentially different. Firstly, due to the work content, Nagasaki Tsuijisho tends to be practical so that Tou-tsuuji could practice what they've learnt. Thus, Nagasaki Toujisho are clearly imitated from vernacular novels. On the contrary, users of the Ryukyu's textbook of Mandarin had greater chances to participate in formal occasions, such as facing imperial envoys or going to tribute. As a result, the style would be more elegant. Also, the paper explains how Tou-tsuuji in Ryukyu rewrites the vernacular novels into colloquial Mandarin textbook by introducing the Renzhonghua's Ryukyu Manuscript.

並列關鍵字

Tsujisho ； Tang Hua ； Ryukyu Mandarin Chinese ； vernacular novels ； zhijie