遊民與基本人權之保障

本文首先以法律的觀點論述遊民問題，可以觀察到遊民問題關係著社會法與警察秩序法，雖然可能造成公共安全與秩序的危害，然而本身的人性尊嚴以及基本人權亦同時應為受保障的對象與客體。對於遊民問題，從社會法與警察秩序法之觀點是一體兩面的，問題之解決在於面對公共安全秩序與人權保障兩大客體，然而基於社會法治國原則，終究應以人權保障與實踐為目的。因遊民身為社會邊緣人的特殊身分與地位，主要探討憲法基本人權對遊民的重要保障範圍，包括生命、生存權、身體、人性尊嚴、人格權、工作、財產、家庭與難民權。而人權的保障著重於實踐，本文探討實踐遊民基本人權的法規與行政行為，包括憲法與法律相關具體規定、地方遊民管理規範以及針對遊民的行政行為，尤其是干預與保護雙重效果的行為，包含警察命令、安置、扣押、管束等。經由研討，本文提出意見認為相關基本人權應可明文規定於憲法中，而我國相關法律對於遊民之規定應更詳細。另遊民應仍屬地方事務，因此制定遊民地方管理規範才是重點，然均應以位階較高之自治條例規定為妥。又在我國相關法規，包括法律、地方自治規範並無針對處置遊民之措施，包括上述的警察命令、安置、扣押以及管束相關要件與行為原則並無規範，未來修正相關法規時應參考德國法相關規定予以納入規範。

關鍵字

遊民問題；基本人權；社會行政法；警察法；秩序法；遊民規範；警察機關；秩序機關；安置；管束

並列摘要

This paper first discusses the legal points of homeless issues. It is observed that the homeless problems are related to the Social Law and Police Law. Although it may do harm to public safety and order, the human dignity and basic human rights should be protected as an object. The homeless problems are one-sided issues from the perspective of the Social Law and the Police Law. Solutions to the problems lie in public safety and protection of human rights. Based on the principles of Social Law, the ultimate goal should be set to protect human rights and to put it into real practice. Being the margins in society, the homeless have special identity and status. This paper mainly discusses the constitutional scope of human right protection for the homeless, including life, right to live, physical body, human dignity, personal rights, work, property, family and refugee rights. It is important to put human right protection into real practice. This paper also explores the regulations and administrative actions of human rights for the homeless, especially the double act of intervention and protection, including the police command, placement, seizure, and restraint. Through the discussion, this paper proposes that basic human rights should be explicitly provided in the Constitution and relevant laws and provisions for the homeless in Taiwan should be more specified. Additionally, the homeless should remain in local affairs, so it is of great importance to formulate the standards for local homeless management, which should follow a higher-ranking autonomy regulation. Currently, in Taiwan, no measure is taken for the homeless in the relevant laws and local autonomous regulations. No regulation is made in the above-mentioned police command, placement, detention and restraint. Relevant provisions in German law should be referred to and be included in future amendments of laws for the homeless.

並列關鍵字

Problems of the homeless ； fundamental human rights ； social administrative law ； police law ； social order law ； regulations of the homeless ； police agencies ； order agencies ； placement ； bundle