以憲法架構檢討公務人員行政中立法

From the Framework of Constitution to Review the Public Servants' Administrative Neutrality Act

許育典(Yue-Dian Hsu)

《臺大法學論叢》 39卷4期 (2010/12) Pp. 73-115

https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.2010.39.04.02

摘要

國家中立性為我國的憲法原則，其要求國家須對於各種團體、意識型態保持距離，正因公務人員代表國家，所以，國家中立性落實於行政，即為公務人員行政中立原則。其實，行政中立除了對公務人員課予義務外，也透過相關制度的建構，讓憲法第18條的服公職權獲得徹底的保障。但是，不可否認地，行政中立制度會限制到公務人員的言論自由和學術自由，因此，如何建構出符合憲法保障人民基本權意旨的公務人員行政中立制度，是本文的核心所在。就此而言，本文分別從公務人員行政中立制度的內容和對象進行型塑，藉此調合公務人員行政中立制度與言論自由、學術自由的衝突。此外，由於我國於2009年6月10日公布了「公務人員行政中立法」，本文對此法進行相關的檢討並提出建議，期待我國的公務人員行政中立制度不但可以達成健全文官體系的目的，還兼顧公務人員作為公民所享有基本權的落實。

關鍵字

國家中立性 ； 行政中立 ； 公務人員行政中立法 ； 制度性保障 ； 言論自由 ； 學術自由

並列摘要

The constitutional principle of state neutrality asks the state to keep a distance from various groups and ideology. Because the public servants stand for state, the implementation of the principle in administrative law is administrative neutrality. Although administrative neutrality imposes obligations on the public servants, yet it achieves the fundamental right of public service in Constitution which is listed in Article 18. It can't be denied that the institution of administrative neutrality may limit the public servants' freedom of speech and academic freedom. So the article aims to form the institution of administrative neutrality, which is conforming to the purpose of the constitution. With respect to it, the article focuses on the contents, and objects of the institution of administrative neutrality to harmonize the conflict between the institution of administrative neutrality and freedom of speech or academic freedom. In addition, because The Public Servants Administrative Neutrality Act enacted on June 10 in 2009, the article will review relevant laws and regulations and make suggestions for The Public Servants Administrative Neutrality Act. To sum up, the institution of administrative neutrality can not only promote the purpose of civil service system, but also fulfill the public servants' fundamental rights as citizens.

並列關鍵字

state neutrality ； administrative neutrality ； Public Servants' Administrative Neutrality Act ； institutional guarantee ； freedom of speech ； academic freedom

參考文獻

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