語文教育視角下的敦煌本《正名要錄》

A Study on the Dunhuang Manuscript Zhengming Yaolu from the Perspective of the Philological Education

朱鳳玉(Chu Fengyu)

《敦煌學》 34期 (2018/08) Pp. 1-22

摘要

敦煌寫本S.388《正名要錄》首題作「《正名要錄》霍王友兼徐州司馬郎知本（年）撰」首尾完整，計185行，是唐代早期推行楷書字體標準化，大力倡導「正字」運動所編纂的「字樣書」。其內容除了針對音義相同而字形有別的異體字以成例來分辨「正、俗、通、訛」外，也收錄了大量「同音別義」字，用以教示正確辨別同音異義字的使用。本文特從語文教育的視角出發，針對《正名要錄》「本音雖同字義各別」例所收錄唐代早期日常用字中「音同義異」且易致混淆錯用的788字，進行析論，以彰顯分辨「別字」在歷代用字教育的重要性。

關鍵字

敦煌寫本 ； 正名要錄 ； 字樣書 ； 別字 ； 音同義異

並列摘要

The Dunhuang manuscript S.388 has a title called the Zhengming Yaolu with complete opening and ending sections and it has 185 lines in total. This text is a sample reference for the standard-character movement that were promoted in the early Tang Dynasty. The content of this text focuses on the characters with same pronunciations and meanings but different structures and it categorizes these characters into four groups including standard, vernacular, interchangeable, and wrong characters. This text also collects a great number of characters with same pronunciations but different meanings in order to teach readers how to correctly use these characters. This study will base on the perspective of the philological education to discuss 788 characters that were commonly used in the daily life of the early Tang era, for highlighting the significance of wrongly-written characters in the script education in the past.

並列關鍵字

Dunhuang manuscript ； Zhengming Yaolu ； the reference of character samples ； wrongly-written characters ； same pronunciations but different meaning

參考文獻

唐．魏徵等 《隋書》，北京：中華書局，1973 年 8 月。

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後晉．劉昫等 《舊唐書》，北京：中華書局，1975 年 5 月。

朱鳳玉 〈敦煌寫本字樣書研究之一〉，《華岡文科學報》17，1989 年 12 月。

朱鳳玉 〈敦煌寫本字書緒論〉，《華岡文科學報》18，1991 年 11 月。