從中晚唐敦煌《維摩詰經》的講經僧看佛教論義及講經文的關係

The Relationship between the Sutra Preachers of the Vimalakirti Sutra and Buddhist Upa-desa and Sutra Texts from Dunhuang in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasties

何劍平(HE Jianping)

《敦煌學》 38期 (2022/08) Pp. 79-109

摘要

通過對敦煌地區以曹法鏡為代表的七位長講《維摩詰經》的義學僧的考釋，認為：這些義學講僧大多生活於中晚唐，有吐番統治期的經歷；他們精研經論，長於論辯，具《維摩》教理與《瑜伽》、《唯識》相結合之特色。這反映出中晚唐當文化中心區的佛教義學衰微之際，敦煌地區的瑜伽、唯識之學正呈現興盛的情況（日本入唐僧的行記也提供了相關佐證）。此種維摩教義與瑜伽、唯識結合的特點，亦反映在曹法鏡等講經師對從長安傳入敦煌，道液所集《淨名經關中釋抄》於法筵的抄錄使用，並一定程度影響到維摩詰經講經文的創作，S.4571《維摩詰經講經文》可為代表。

關鍵字

講經 ； 論義 ； 維摩詰 ； 瑜伽 ； 講經文

並列摘要

An examination of the seven monks who lectured on the Vimalakirti Sutra in Dunhuang, represented by Cao Fajiang曹法鏡, suggests that most of these monks lived in the mid-and late-Tang dynasties and had experience during the Tuban reign; they studied the sutras and debated them, and were characterized by a combination of Vimalakirti and Yoga and Vijñapti-mātratā. This reflects the fact that while Buddhist doctrine was declining in the cultural centers of the mid- and late-Tang dynasties, the study of Yoga and Vijñapti-mātratā was flourishing in the Dunhuang area (the journals of the Japanese monks who entered the Tang dynasty also provide relevant evidence). This combination of Vedic doctrine and yogic consciousness is also reflected in the use of the transcriptions of the Jingming Sutra Guanzhong Shichao淨名經關中釋抄by Daoye道液, which was brought to Dunhuang from Chang'an, by sutra lecturers such as Cao Fajing曹法鏡, and to some extent influenced the creation of Vedic sutras, as represented in the Manuscript S.4571 Lectures on the Vimalakirti Sutra Conserved in France.

並列關鍵字

sutra ； Upa-desa ； Vimalakirti ； yoga ； texts of Lecturing Scripture

參考文獻

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