歐巴馬政府核戰略佈局之分析

A Review of Obama Administration's Nuclear Strategy

張凱銘(Kai-Ming Chang) ； 劉泰廷(Tai-Ting Liu)

《國立臺中技術學院通識教育學報》 5期 (2011/12) Pp. 71-84

https://doi.org/10.7051/JGE.201112.0071

摘要

美國現任政府自2008年上任至今，已發布多項重要軍事、政治與國家安全政策文件。相關文件一方面明確顯示現任美國政府對於核武器與其他大規模毀滅性武器擴散議題的高度重視，一方面也清晰勾勒出現任政府的核戰略佈局藍圖。透過對相關資料的歸納，本文指出現任美國政府在未來的核戰略佈局中，將圍繞「調整國防戰備」、「關注重點國家」以及「阻止核擴散」等三大重心進行具體規劃。在國防戰備部分，雖然美國未來仍將與俄羅斯持續合作裁減核武，但同時亦將積極提升現有核武載具與常規戰備的效能與威力，以維持其軍事嚇阻能力。在外交層次部分，伊朗、北韓、中國與俄羅斯等四國是美方在核戰略層次上的主要關注目標：伊朗與北韓對核武器的積極研發雖不致對美國本土構成威脅，但已形成區域性安全威脅，未來美方將透過外交等手段持續施壓、遏阻；俄羅斯與中國的核實力強大，足可威脅美國本土，美方將積極爭取與中俄兩國對話協商，尋求以合作方式共同處理核議題，但同時也維持對中俄兩國的戒備。最後，在阻止核擴散方面，美國未來將透過國際合作、推動技術研發更新與加強核原料、設備管制等方式，對相關設備積極監控，以阻止其擴散。

關鍵字

歐巴馬政府 ； 核武器 ； 核戰略 ； 反核擴散 ； 軍事嚇阻

並列摘要

Since the inauguration of the Obama administration in 2008, the US has introduced several important military, political and national security policy documents. Relevant documents clearly point out that the administration places high regard towards proliferation of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction while also sketching a strategic blueprint of weapon allocation. This article points out that the future strategy of the US government would revolve around the three core issues of national defense adjustment, nuclear anti-proliferation and continued attention on major nuclear states. In terms of national defense, even though the US would continue to cooperate with Russia in nuclear reduction, performance and power of nuclear delivery vehicle and non-nuclear weapons would be actively upgraded in order to maintain deterrence capability. Regarding foreign policy, Iran, North Korea, China and Russia are the main targets of US nuclear strategy. Despite the fact that active research by Iran and North Korea has yet to constitute a threat on the US homeland, they have grown into a regional security threat. The US may continue to seek diplomacy to mitigate the situation. On the other hand, China and Russia own capabilities powerful enough to threaten the US homeland. The US will continue to promote dialogue between the powers in search of cooperation regarding treatment of nuclear issues while maintaining its guard against China and Russia. Finally, the US would actively monitor the development of nuclear facilities through international cooperation, technological advancement and facility control, in preventing weapon proliferation.

並列關鍵字

Obama administration ； Nuclear weapons ； Nuclear strategy ； Nuclear anti-proliferation ； Military deterrence

參考文獻

Obama, Barack(2010).National Security Strategy.Washington, D. C.:The White House.

Ferguson, Charles,Potter, William(2005).The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism.New York:Routledge.

Murdock, Clark,Yeats, Jessica(2009).Exploring the Nuclear Posture Implications of Extended Deterrence and Assurance.Washington, D. C.:Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Pollack, Kenneth(2010).Detering a Nuclear Iran.New York:Council of Foreign Relations.

Kim Seung Taek, “Rethinking Extended Deterrence”. Center for Strategic and International Studies, (July 2, 2010), http://csis.org/publication/rethinking-extended-deterrence