《婦女雜誌》(1915-1931)中出現的有關兒童的論說－與《新女性》（日帝治下的朝鮮）比較

The Study of Children in the Ladies' Journal (1915-1931): With a Comparison to Sinyosong (New Woman)

池賢婌(Hyun-Sook Jee) ； 趙吉

《近代中國婦女史研究》 12期 (2004/12) Pp. 257-277

https://doi.org/10.6352/mhwomen.200412.0257

摘要

本文對1920-1930年代中國和韓國具有代表性的女性雜誌《婦女雜誌》和《新女性》中有關兒童的論說進行了初步的比較和分析。兩本雜誌有關近代育兒法的內容比較多。傳統的育兒法受到批評，用近代西方醫學可以解釋的胎教等育兒法保持著權威的地位。雜誌裡介紹的新育兒法，主要是有規律地進行母乳餵養及掌握睡眠時間，以標準和科學的身高和體重資料對兒童進行科學的養育。同時，還介紹了一些兒童易得的疾病以及治療方法，強調衛生的重要性。另外，有關兒童年齡範圍問題，兩本雜誌大體限定在從嬰兒到14-16歲之間，但當時的專家意見各異，從這一點可以看出，有關兒童的論說要站穩腳跟還需要一定的時問。兩本雜誌都強調家庭教育，批評以家長為中心的家族生活，主張建立以兒童為中心的家庭生活。主張建立以兒童爲中心的家庭生活。這樣的主張與其說是為兒童著想，不如說是對封建的家族制度進行攻擊。有關理想的兒童形象這個問題，《婦女雜誌》認為純真好學、有豐富的創造力、懷有好奇心、旺盛的求知欲、天真爛漫、擁有熱愛真善美的心靈。《新女性》則認為兒童應該充滿自由、平等、博愛、歡樂、幸福，在道德上是完美無缺的，這種兒童形象與其說是現實中存在的兒童，不如說是帶有使朝鮮走向文明的使命的理想之人的形象。兩本雜誌中的理想兒童像是作為一種向封建制度和觀念訣別的形象，而不是反映現實世界中的兒童，這是一種理想人的形象。

關鍵字

婦女雜誌 ； 新女性 ； 兒童 ； 中韓比較

並列摘要

This comparative study is based on the treatment of children in the Ladies' Journal (Funü zazhi), a well-known Chinese magazine published in the 1 920s and 193 Os, and in Sinyosong (New Woman), a similar Korean magazine (under Japanese colonial rule). They both published a great deal on how to bring up children in the modem way, thus illustrating the spread of modern child-rearing practices from the West. For example, they emphasized that breast-feeding and defecation should be performed regularly. And while ways of rearing children that that could be explained by Western medical science were legitimated, an increasing numbers of critics attacked traditional ways of child-rearing. New childcare philosophies emphasized periodic breast-feeding and sleeping, as well as scientific measurement of children's weight and height. As a result, it was expected that children were to be raised as independent beings. Also, by introducing books on diseases that children were subject to, various articles laid stress on paying more attention to sanitation.
The age of the children discussed in both magazines was not consistent among the writers, but it ranged roughly from infants to 14-16 year-olds. The scholars of those days had different opinions on the definition of childhood, since it took a while to establish the terminology applied to children in China and colonized Korea.
Both magazines laid emphasis on child-centered perspectives and home training. In the case of the Ladies' Journal, questioning child-centered breeding and family life was a means to criticize the feudalistic family system. The reason why Sinyosong also advocated a child-centered family system was to civilize Korean society, and to eliminate the feudalistic family system, which was regarded as an obstacle to social revolution.
The Ladies' Journal sought the ideal child as one who was pure, ingenuous, inquisitive, creative, full of curiosity, possessing spirit of inquiry into the truth, and fond of beauty and virtue. Indeed, these were the features of a good person who would discard feudalistic ideas and construct a new China. The ideal child reported in Sinyosong was someone filled with freedom, equality, love, joy, happiness, and who was also morally flawless. This would be the man responsible for enlightening and civilizing Korea. The ideal child of both magazines reflected the ideal human being rather than the reality of childhood years.

並列關鍵字

the Ladies' Journal Funü zazhi ； Sinyosong New Woman ； children ； comparative study of China and Korea

參考文獻

周敘琪(1996)。1910-1920年代都會新婦女生活風貌─以《婦女雜誌》為分析實例。

陳姃湲(2003)。近代中國における傳統的女性像の變遷─「賢妻良母」論をめぐって。

陳姃湲(2003)。《婦女雜誌》（1915-1931）所呈現的近代中國國際學術研討會會議論文。

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(1915)。婦女雜誌(1915/1931)。