《婦女雜誌》(1915-1931)十七年简史―《婦女雜誌》何以名為婦女

Of the Women, by the Women, or for the Women?-Rewriting a Brief History of the Ladies' Journal (Funü zazhi), 1915-1931

除姃湲(Jung-Won Jin)

《近代中國婦女史研究》 12期 (2004/12) Pp. 1-38

https://doi.org/10.6352/mhwomen.200412.0001

摘要

無論從發行期或影響力來看，《婦女雜誌》都可謂是中國近代历史上规模最大的婦女时期刊，原此平常被學者視爲婦女历史研究最基本的史料；並且由於五四時期該刊所呈现的激進論調與影響力的成長，前人經常認爲为此一時期的中國婦女論述經歷了高度成長。這類前人研究基本上假設史料空間背後的社會脈絡具有一貫性，但五四時期《婦女雜誌》的讀者、編輯者、撰稿者等所身處之社會脈絡，是否與五四前後具有連續性？其實仍有待驗證。爲了解決這個問題，本文將先對《婦女雜誌》十七年的內容作全盤考察，並分析商務印書館與《婦女雜誌》的主編、執筆陣容及讀者問多層面的人際關係，來重建作爲婦女史研究基本史料－《婦女雜誌》的社會脈絡。然後重新思考《婦女雜誌》的史料空間，究竟能否代表五四前後的中國婦女論述。《婦女雜誌》所呈現的婦女論述之水準，的確以五四時期爲最高點，但這並不意味整個中國社會的婦女論述，也以五四時期爲最高點。如果說早期的《婦女雜誌》是保守的男性主編叮嚀婦女們成爲「賢妻良母」的刊物，那麼，五四階段的《婦女雜誌》則搖身一變，成爲一群年輕知識分子討論婦女問題的園地。

關鍵字

婦女雜誌 ； 胡彬夏 ； 章錫琛 ； 商務印書館 ； 編輯者 ； 讀者

並列摘要

Women's magazines in modem China, a side-product of the emerging free press in the first decades of the twentieth century, provide invaluable materials for the study of Chinese women in modern era. However, their value is not a reflection of the extent of historical content in these magazines themselves, but due to the paucity of other historical sources on Chinese women. Thus, it is not surprising that the Ladies' Journal (Funü zazhi), published by Shanghai Commercial Press from 1915 to 1931, has become a critical source for modem Chinese women's history, especially for the May Fourth Movement era.
It is widely accepted that the Ladies' Journal reached its apogee during the period of May Fourth Movement, which was used to validate the value this magazine as a historical source for the study of the women's liberation movement during this era. However, this assumption overlooks the two critical points: first, that the social background of a journal (such as readership or authors) can change, and, second, that any historical conclusions drawn from specific sources need to be verified by the social background of the sources themselves. Since each historical source reflects only a fraction of a whole society, the changes portrayed in one specific source cannot be extrapolated to explain the ”zeitgeist” without verifying of the continuity of its social background.
This paper examines the history of the Ladies' Journal over its seventeen-year existence through its authorship, readership, publisher's attitudes, and circulation. This allows us to determine more precisely the actual value of the Ladies' Journal for the study of the women's liberation movement during the May Fourth Movement era.

並列關鍵字

Ladies' Journal Funü zazhi ； Commercial Press Shangwu Yinshuguan ； gender in readership ； gender in editorship ； Hu Binxia ； Zhang Xichen

參考文獻

タニ．E．バーロウ(2003)。中國のフェミニズムにおける「女性」の問題─1920、30年代の優生學的言說。思想。949

丁東、郭汾陽(1999)。書局舊蹤。

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中國社會科學出版社近代史研究所(1979)。五四運動回憶錄（上冊）。