日治中後期中壢街的產業發展：以米、糖、茶業為例（1920-1940）

日治時期的臺灣，因日本政府的殖民統治，而邁入了近代化的發展。以區域發展而言，臺北、臺中、高雄及基隆等地都因身為重要的區域中心或交通重地而有顯著的發展，其中亦有以產業發展為重心而發展的都市。然而對於其他的區域而言，在日治時期究竟呈現出什麼樣的面貌，本文以中壢街為例企圖探討日治時期中壢街的產業發展，尤以日治時期中較為重要的米、茶、糖業為例。本文發現，在中壢街的發展過程中，受到此三項產業的影響頗深，以稻米而言，它的產量頗豐，亦是中壢郡中重要的稻米集散地；茶業亦然，受惠於總督府政策及國際市場的影響，中壢街的茶葉產量雖非最高，卻成為北臺灣重要的茶葉製造及加工地。糖業的發展，則與中南部的發展大不相同，中壢街的糖業發展遲至1930年代才有新式製糖工廠的成立，但為時僅兩年即告停止，這是受制於總督府的產業政策所致，但就意義上而言，這是北部最晚成立的製糖工廠，顯示到了日治中後期，甘蔗的種植及製糖，已跳脫中南部的局限。本文除以三項產業為主體外，亦以交通層面所產生的效應來看產業發展。中壢街的位置居於臺北及新竹之間，又有縱貫鐵路的經過，這樣的優勢使得中壢街不僅成為米穀運輸的前矛，對於茶業的發展也多有助益。而受惠於這些產業的發展，連帶的產生了其他的相關產業，如碾米業即是最為顯著例子，透過交通建設與一連串的產業發展過程，使得中壢街在日治晚期已從原先的農村蛻變為農工並重的城市，故本文即是以探究三項產業在中壢的發展及所帶來的影響為主。

關鍵字

中壢街；米；糖業；茶業；產業發展

並列摘要

During Japanese occupation, Taiwan started modern development. With regard to region development, Taipei, Taichung, Gaoxiong and Keelung were developed obviously because they acted as the vital role in region and transportation development. For the abovementioned cities, sometimes industry development was the another main cause. As to other regions, however, how developed during Japanese occupation? By taking Chungli Street as example, this study will analysis its industry development from rice, tea and sugar, seen as the important industries in Japanese occupation. This study finds out, rice, tea and sugar industries were the key points for the Chungli Street development in the Japanese occupation period. In terms of rice industry in Chungli Street, there had high harvest and active trading, by the same taken, although the tea yield was not the first high, tea manufacturing in Chungli Street was famous in North Taiwan that was preferred by Japanese government and impacted by international marketing. The development of sugar industry in Chungli Street was opposite status with in middle and south Taiwan, namely very late. Until 1930s modern sugar mills occurred but ceased after 2 years under the Japanese During Japanese occupation, Taiwan started modern development. With regard to region development, Taipei, Taichung, Gaoxiong and Keelung were developed obviously because they acted as the vital role in region and transportation development. For the abovementioned cities, sometimes industry development was the another main cause. As to other regions, however, how developed during Japanese occupation? By taking Chungli Street as example, this study will analysis its industry development from rice, tea and sugar, seen as the important industries in Japanese occupation. This study finds out, rice, tea and sugar industries were the key points for the Chungli Street development in the Japanese occupation period. In terms of rice industry in Chungli Street, there had high harvest and active trading, by the same taken, although the tea yield was not the first high, tea manufacturing in Chungli Street was famous in North Taiwan that was preferred by Japanese government and impacted by international marketing.. The development of sugar industry in Chungli Street was opposite status with in middle and south Taiwan, namely very late. Until 1930s modern sugar mills occurred but ceased after 2 years under the Japanese government’s industry policy. The latest sugar mill was established in North Taiwan is meaningful. This situation revealed sugar cane planting and production was extended outside of middle & south Taiwan when middle & late Japanese occupation. Transportation impact on industry development is another point. Chungli Street was located between Taipei and Hsinchu and passed by vertical railway. This condition made Chungli Streeet as main site for rice transportation, besides, it was helpful for tea industry development as well. The other industries like rice mill which were related with rice and tea industries was found. Due to transportation establishment and series industries development, agriculture and manufacturing industry were flourished in Chungli Street, not just only agriculture. Therefore, the abovementioned view points are focused and discussed in this article.