液體黏度與地板粗糙度對摩擦係數之影響

Effects of Liquid Viscosity and Floor Roughnesss on the Friction Coefficient on the Floor

陳慶忠(Ching-Chung Chen) ； 葉建烽(Chien-Feng Yeh)

《人因工程學刊》 16卷1期 (2014/09) Pp. 39-50

https://doi.org/10.6273/JES.2014.16(1).04

摘要

滑倒與跌倒是嚴重的職業安全衛生問題，地面濕滑是影響滑倒因素中主要的因子，而改善地板粗糙度是許多研究認為可以提升地板抗滑性方式。然而以往的研究大都以探討地板表面粗糙度參數與摩擦係數之關係，或是地面污染物與地板防滑性之關係，並未進一步探討不同液體黏度對摩擦係數的影響。根據Moore壓縮薄膜理論顯示，液體的黏度值對地板的抗滑性是有影響的。因此，本研究探討不同液體黏度與地板粗糙度對摩擦係數之影響，以期找出在不同黏度液體的污染下，地板應具何種粗糙度才能達到抗滑效果。本研究以4種地板粗糙度與4種不同黏度之液體進行實驗，並使用English XL摩擦量測器來量測地板摩擦係數。研究結果顯示，地板粗糙度與液體黏度及因子交互作用對摩擦係數之影響達p＜0.001的顯著水準，其中液體黏度愈高則地板摩擦係數會降低，而地板粗糙度愈高則摩擦係數值也愈高。本研究以地板粗糙度及液體黏度為自變數建立地板摩擦係數之迴歸模式，根據此模式推算液體黏度低於15 cP時，地板粗糙度R_a值必須大於8 μm才可達美國國家標準所建議之摩擦係數為0.5；若液體黏度大於30 cP時，地板粗糙度R_a值至少要大於9 μm，但液體黏度大於40 cP時地板粗糙度R_a值至少要大於10 μm，才能達到抗滑效果。而隨著黏度愈大則所需的地板粗糙度值也要愈大才能到抗滑效果。

關鍵字

滑倒 ； 液體黏度 ； 地板粗糙度 ； 摩擦係數

並列摘要

Slip and fall accidents caused serious occupational accidents. Among all the reasons causing slip and fall, wet floor is considered as the most influential factor. Many researches believed that the floor slip resistance can be improved by increasing the floor roughness. However, the prior researches focused mostly on the discussions of the relationship between the floor roughness and the coefficient of friction (COF) and the relationship between the surface contamination and the floor slip resistance. The studies researched the influences of floors contaminated by liquids with various viscosities on the COF are rare. According to Moore's squeeze film theory, the floor slip resistance can be influenced by the liquid viscosities. Therefore, this research investigated the floor slip resistances at various viscosities liquid contaminations and different floor roughness in order to find out the appropriate floor roughness levels which maintain effective floor slip resistance results. There are four different floor roughness and four different liquid viscosities examined in the experiment. The COFs were tested by applying English XL. The results demonstrated that both the floor roughness and liquid viscosity affect COF significantly (p ＜ 0.0001). The impacts of factor interaction between floor roughness and liquid viscosity on COF were also significant (p ＜ 0.0001). The higher the liquid viscosity is, the lower the friction coefficient will be. On the other hand, this study built a regression model by using floor roughness and liquid viscosity as independent variables. The outcomes of the regression model showed that the floor roughness must higher than 7μm to reach the American National Standard (COF = 0.5) while the liquid viscosity is lower than 15cP. And, to resist slip and fall the floor roughness (R_a) must higher than 9μm while the liquid viscosity is higher than 30cP. When the liquid viscosity is higher than 40cP, the floor roughness (R_a) must at least reach 10μm to produce slip resistance effect. The floor roughness must be increased as the liquid viscosity getting higher to reduce the slip and fall effectively.

並列關鍵字

slips ； liquid viscosity ； floor roughness ； Coefficient of Friction ； English XL