國小學童參與學校運動校隊及運動社團之決定因子－初始動機及持續動機因素

Determinants of Primary School Children's Participation in Sport Teams and Sport Clubs: Initial Motivation and Sustained Motivation Factors

卓國雄(Kuo-Hsiung Cho)

《臺南大學體育學報》 15期 (2020/12) Pp. 57-81

摘要

目的：本研究目的為探尋國小學童參與學校運動校隊及運動社團之決定因子-初始動機及持續動機因素內涵。方法：採焦點團體訪談法之質性調查，針對42位三－六年級正在參與運動校隊及運動社團之男女國小學童為受訪對象。經8個場次的焦點團體訪談後，所得資料進行主題分析。結果：學童參與運動校隊與運動社團之決定因子各有5個，其中「好玩及探索興趣」、「技能習得與精進」、「人際關係需求」、「獲取獎賞與表現機會」等4個為一致的因子外，運動校隊尚有「避免心力枉費與逃避取向」的決定因子；運動社團則有「自我呈現追尋夢想」的決定因子。再者，本研究亦發現「好玩有興趣」、「人際交友」是國小學童參與校隊及運動社團活動的初始動機因素也是持續動機因素。結論：國小學童參與學校不同類型身體活動之決定因子各有獨特性，未來可針對不同類型身體活動決定因子異同，擬定適合各類身體活動促進策略之依據。同時，可在此理論基礎上發展測量工具以利拓展學童身體活動參與行為之相關研究。

關鍵字

主題分析法 ； 初始動機 ； 持續動機 ； 焦點團體訪談

並列摘要

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the determinants of primary school children's participation in sport teams and sport clubs-the initial motivation and the sustained motivation factors. Method: A qualitative survey of the focus group interview method was used to target 42 male and female primary school children who were participating in sport teams and sport clubs in the third to sixth grades. After 8 focus group interviews, the data obtained were analyzed for themes. Results: There are five determinants of school children's participation in sport teams and sport clubs, among which four are ＂fun and exploration interest＂, ＂skill acquisition and improvement＂, ＂interpersonal relationship needs＂, and ＂reward and performance opportunities＂. In addition to the same factors, the sport team still has the determinant of ＂avoiding exhaustion and evasion orientation＂; the sport club has the deciding factor of ＂self-presentation and pursuit of dreams＂. Furthermore, this study also found that ＂fun and interested＂ and ＂interpersonal dating＂ are the initial motivation factors for the primary school children to participate in the activities of school teams and sports clubs as well as sustained motivation factors. Conclusion: The determinants of primary school children's participation in different types of physical activities in the school are unique. In the future, the basis for different types of physical activity determinants may be formulated to suit different types of physical activity promotion strategies. At the same time, measurement tools can be developed on the basis of this theory to facilitate the expansion of related research on physical activity and participation behavior of school children.

並列關鍵字

thematic analysis ； initial motivation ； sustainable motivation ； focus group interviews