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竹塹九芎林土地、水利開發管理與地區發展互動研究(1775-1945)

The Study of Interaction of Land and Irrigation Development, and Regional Development in Jiucyonglin, Zhuqian Area (1775-1945)

摘要


本文以漢人在竹塹九芎林地區土地拓墾與水利開發,帶動地方農業、經濟、社會發展,並佐以區域性土地開墾、水利開發的水權管理為主要研究核心基礎,強調「農業水資源灌溉管理」應用,對地區經濟發展的重要性。在水利開發的過程,宗族力量、社群活動、水利組織、及政府公共政策的推行,帶動農業、經濟繁榮發展,形成一系列水資源利用的生命共同體,來引發土地、水利、經濟、水權管理產生互動核心價值。土地開墾與水利開發相依配合互動,旱園改變為良田,開發成農業「水田化」環境,土地利用價值提高,促使區域經濟、社會環境蓬勃發展。本文綜合歸納三個單元加以研究討論:第一、清代竹塹九芎林土地開墾後的經濟發展,與頭前溪水資源利用性有密切關係,河川提供水利之泉源,原住民與漢墾民在豐水之利的孕育下,墾土地、興水利奠定農業開發基礎,帶動地方發展。第二、漢墾民改變了原住民游獵的生活型態,蠻荒之地轉化成「水田化」後,以圳路建設與水利管理為基礎,莊民訂定「水權規約」管理制度。日治時期,擴大水利行政管理組織,以「公共埤圳」、「官設埤圳」、「水利組合」,做好水利經營管理政策,來提高水利價值功能。第三、水利事業,在日治時期學習西方科學、公共管理及自來水供應與水力發電,水資源成為多功能的利用價值。有效率運用水資源,水利組織經營管理成為發展國家經濟的重要途徑。

關鍵字

竹塹 九芎林 土地開墾 水利開發 水田化

並列摘要


This research focuses on the Cantonese settlements and environment owing to the development of irrigation in Taiwan. Their actions promoted the development of agriculture, economic and society. The topic is that the management of agricultural water rights is the most important for regional development. Man cannot live without the influence of the natural environment; the interaction and compromise between human beings and mothers' nature keep going on all the time. Water resource was crucial to regional, economic development. During the development, social activities, local organization, and religion formed the links of an ”irrigation community”, and it is a regional expansion. There are three subjects as below in this research: First, the economic development of Hsinchu and Touqian River has very tight relationship. The rivers provide the benefits to the indigenous people and Han ethnic, so that those people can live for generations around the river areas. Second, the immigration of Han ethnic has changed the relationship between human and land. The irrigation system is a foundation of public construction. During Japanese colonial period, the irrigation system has expanded, and had well organization. It remains the basic function after war finished. Finally, during Japanese colonial period, the Han people studied western science, public administration, water supply, and waterpower electricity to develop irrigation system. To use the water resource efficiently, the management of water conservancy system has become the important economic issue of a country.

參考文獻


木原圓次(1932)。水利と自治。臺灣の水利。台北:台灣水利協會。
王世慶(1994)。清代台灣社會經濟。台北:聯經出版社。
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台灣省水利局(1982)。頭前溪治理基本計劃。新竹:北區第二河川局。
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被引用紀錄


謝傳鎧(2017)。貢寮水梯田耕作社群之傳統生態知識變遷:以灌溉水管理為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201700972

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