以遺產建構多元社區史：以花蓮豐田社區為例

時間觀是認識環境與對待環境的基本元素，社區史則是集體建構對社區過去、現在與未來想像的基本架構，將時間觀與社區史建構進行連結，有助於理解時間如何在個人與群體之間產生其積極作用，並且呈現環境議題如何被具體實踐。本研究在花蓮縣壽豐鄉豐田社區的田野期間，發現有一套隱藏在編年史之外的社區史建構方式，這樣的社區史分期來自於報導人對社區回顧時，對主題選取與不同時期劃分的方式，也呈現出不同時期對環境的態度。將這樣的選取與劃分與地方政治、經濟、產業發展對比，正好是社區不同遺產的發展歷程，也就是說，遺產成為社區史的主要參考架構，透過遺產呈現出社區民眾的時間觀，呈現出社區史與社區遺產的相互建構，也能進一步呈現環境議題與地方發展的關連。本文主要分析以遺產為時間觀的社區史如何建構，如何透過遺產與社區史產生結合，如何呈現出社區內政治、經濟、社會組織之間的競合關係，而這樣的時間觀如何反應在對環境的議題上，並形成可以具體觀察的項目，本研究認為對這些問題的釐清有助於臺灣建構本土遺產概念時的參考依據。

關鍵字

遺產；社區史；豐田社區；花蓮

並列摘要

Perspectives based on time periods are a basic element for understanding and acting toward the environment. Community history is a fundamental framework that comprises a collective perception regarding the past, present, and future conditions of a community. Linking time perspectives and the process of constructing community history enhances the understanding of how time actively influences the relationships between people and communities. This study also explains how environmental concerns are managed in practice. During the field study in the Feng Tian community of Soufeng Township, Hualien County, we identified a previously undiscovered community history-construction method besides traditional chronicle methods. The proposed method in this study was used to divide community history into different periods based on participant theme selection and era divisions during retrospective reviews of the community. This approach also demonstrated participant attitudes toward the environment during different time periods. When the selected themes and period divisions were evaluated based on local politics, the economy, and industrial development, the different heritage-development processes of communities were revealed. In other words, heritage is a primary reference framework for establishing the history of a community. Using heritage to present the time perspectives of residents in the community revealed the dual construction of community history and heritage, as well as the connections between environmental issues and local development. This study primarily explored and analyzed how community history is constructed by using a heritage-based time perspective, and assessed how heritage is connected to community history, how coopetition appears in community politics, the economy, and social organizations, and how our proposed time perspective is reflected in environmental issues and develops into observable evaluation items. Clarifying these questions should provide a reference for constructing local heritage conceptualizations in Taiwan.