以色列政府採購之創新實踐

政府採購是政府提供公共服務的重要支柱。由於政府採購的金額及數量相當龐大，政府採購的管理制度可在促進公共部門效率及建立公民信任方面發揮重要作用。精心設計的政府採購系統也有助於實現環境保護、創新、創造就業以及發展中小企業等緊迫的政策目標。現今國際上各國尤其是OECD國家，已相當普遍實施創新採購以激勵創新及新創事業，並稱之為需求導向的政策工具。然而，在OECD成員國中除了已開發之先進國家之外，許多新興發展中國家也利用政府採購刺激國家研發及創新，成效頗為顯著。以色列是世界知名的技術創新中心，作為世界上最具創新力的經濟體之一，持續利用自身優勢，擁有技術創業的支持和獨特的環境，在高科技行業具有國際聲譽，具備技術創新精神和新奇感。因此本文以中東在經濟及工業發展上最先進的國家之中，表現優異並有著「初創企業之國」稱號的以色列，對於該國實施政府採購之具體規範做介紹，並以色利之挑戰式招標創新實例，著重說明以色列運作政府採購之創新作法及具體分析，以供我國推動創新採購制度時之借鏡與參考。

關鍵字

以色列；政府採購；創新；強制性招標規則；挑戰式招標

並列摘要

Public procurement is an important pillar of government services. Because of the huge number of government purchases, government procurement management play an important role in promoting public sector efficiency and building citizenship. Well-designed government procurement systems also help to achieve policy such as environmental protection, innovation, start-ups and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Nowadays, countries in the world, especially OECD countries, have been widely practiced with innovative procurement to stimulate innovation and start-ups, and call Innovation procurement can deliver solutions to challenges of public interest and ICTs can play a major role in this. However, in the OECD countries, in addition to the advanced countries that have been developed, many developing countries have also used public procurement to stimulate national R & D and innovation with remarkable results. Israel is one of the world's leading technology innovation centers, one of the most innovative economies in the world, continues to leverage its own strengths, support of technology entrepreneurship and unique environment, an international reputation in the high-tech industry, the spirit of technological innovation and novelty. Therefore, this article introduce Israel, which has outstanding performance of the economic and industrial development in the Middle East, to implement the specific provisions of government procurement, Challenge Tenders highlighting the specific rules and policies of the Israeli public procurement system, for Taiwan to promote innovative procurement system.