卑南文化晚期陶器幾何形紋飾研究－以卑南、上里遺址為例

卑南遺址保存多文化層，卑南文化為卑南遺址新石器時代晚期主要文化，同時期遺址有多處，包含近年發現之上里遺址。本文於卑南及上里2處遺址之紋飾陶取樣，辨識出系列紋飾，並以其中佔少數的幾何形複合圖案作為卑南文化晚期指標性陶器。此類紋飾陶之辨識有其過程，始自卑南遺址1980年代搶救發掘時期探坑所採集極少數陶片，至1996年以後，卑南遺址「考古現場」文化層，出土較多紋飾陶片案例。然而此類紋飾圖案辨識之關鍵來自上里遺址1件石板棺陪葬紋飾陶罐，其所帶完整紋飾與排灣群傳統陶壺詮釋百步蛇身花紋相似，具有文化指標性。此項發現將三和文化陶器相關蛇身紋飾之發展推前至卑南文化晚期，而此蛇身紋飾與三和文化相關蛇紋飾均可見於臺灣東南地區排灣群諸族傳統工藝，進而在探討史前文化與近現代民族物質文化關聯性增加關鍵證據。

關鍵字

卑南遺址；上里遺址；卑南文化晚期；百步蛇；幾何形蛇身紋

並列摘要

The Pei-nan culture is the main one beneath the Pei-nan site in late neolithic period. In the same cultural period there were also several sites including the San-lih site which was discovered in 2000's. This paper presents and discusses the data of incised pottery excavated at both sites decorated with series of geometry patterns, and indicates some particular motif items as culture index. At the beginning the pottery fragments decorated with particular geometry pattern unearthed rarely at the Pei-nan site in 1980’s. Then more patterned pottery unearthed at the area of "excavating scene on site" which indicates an excavation implemented at Pei-nan site in 1996 to 2005.But the particular geometry pattern had never been identified until initial excavation implemented at the San-lih site in 2013.There was a slate slab coffin unearthed with funeral objects including a complete pottery pot decorated with the same incised geometry pattern. Based both on radiocarbon chronology and on a detailed analysis of the decorative motifs on incised pottery from two sites, the paper suggests that the particular geometry pattern ought to be Hundred-pace snake's emblazonry emerged in late period of the Pei-nan culture more than 2500 years ago. The prehistoric geometry pattern is similar to the Hundred-pace snake's emblazonry decorated on traditional pottery jar of the Paiwan tribes, and it should be an important evidence to relate prehistoric culture to living aborigines.