「臺灣歌曲」之「字調、詞句調」(Words)與「曲調、歌調」(Melody)之美學關係　以張炫文、林武憲之曲、詞創作〈草仔枝〉；呂泉生（居然）之詞、曲創作〈杯底毋通飼金魚〉為例

The Aesthetic RelationsBetween "the Tone of Characters" and "the Melody of Songs" in Taiwanese Songs-with Two Songs as Examples: "A Blade Grass," Music by Chang Hsüan-Wen, Words by Lin Wu-Hsien and "No Fish at Bottom of Glass" by Lu Chuan-Sheng

張清郎(Ching-Lang Chang)

《音樂研究》 13期 (2009/05) Pp. 157-208

https://doi.org/10.6244/JOMR.2009.13.06

摘要

閩南語有八聲調，客家語有七或六聲調，包括「高、低、起、伏，抑、揚、頓、挫，長、短、強、弱，平、上、去、入，陰、陽、清、濁」…等邏輯規律的「字調」與婉轉美妙的「語言行腔」。足見在字、詞音的聲調中蘊含著無限的「音樂性」與「可唱性」。不管在單字或詞句，或「讀」或「講」或「吟」都有很豐富的『字調』和「語韻」與「歌唱」產生不可分割的精妙關係。因此在演唱時，除了應注意基本的「發聲法」外，更應在語言的發音、文字的聲調、語韻的平仄、押韻等基礎發聲中之「咬字」詳加研究；更審慎於「字、詞句調」與「歌調」的音韻關係之美，才能在展演中唱出清晰動聽的「臺灣歌曲」，也能讓聽眾激賞與感動。
本文首先論述臺灣歌曲（閩、客、原語系歌曲）「演唱法概要」，其中包括臺語語韻的結構認識，進而說明演唱時對音韻的掌握學習，接著一氣呵成的詮釋（草仔枝）及（杯底毋通飼金魚），包括歌曲的「意義」、「評述」、「演唱技巧」、「創作技巧」與「建議」。本文的研究期待演唱者與作曲者在演唱或創作「臺灣歌曲」時，除了注重「發聲法」與「作曲技巧」外，更必須遵行「字、詞句調」的規律邏輯，及精練「語言行腔」的演唱技巧，讓演唱歌曲之美，淋漓盡致地展現，共享「臺灣歌曲」之「真、善、美」最高藝術境界。

並列摘要

There are eight tones in the south of Fujian Province language, and seven or six tones with Hakkas language, including ”high, low, up, down, raising, long, short, strong, weak, flat clear, turbid ”! -etc.. Tone of Taiwanese characters have logic rules and mild beautiful language sounds. It shows that among those tone of words and sounds, all be able to sing. No matter in single character or the words and phrases, read or say or chant, ”the tone of Taiwanese characters ” and ”the musical sound of the language”, both are with inalienable wonderful ”singing” relations. While singing, besides should pay attention to the basic ”sounding method”, everyone should pay more attention to the pronunciation at the language one, the tones, the sounds level, and the foundations of rhyming etc.. Study in details of relations between musical sound of characters and words, could sing ”the song of Taiwan” in performing, make audiences appreciate with enthusiasm and move too.
This essay describes ”outline of singing methods” the Taiwanese song at first. Which includes the structure of language, musical sound of a language, and then explain grasping and studying to the harmonious sounds while singing. With the song of ”A Blade Grass” did more research on ”the meaning of song”, ”sing by skill”, and ”comments”. The research of this paper expects that the singer is while singing ”the song of Taiwan”, except paying attention to ”the sounding method”, must follow logic and concise singing skill of ”language competent” of ”word, tone, and phrase” even more. The writer of this article also asks every text writer and composer of Taiwanese song to follow the linguistic principles and rules of word, text, and phrase when they compose a song. So, an excellent performance and a beautiful creation could be perfectly presented through the song, and all singers may enjoy the beauty of songs and share the supreme artistic state of ”The Taiwanese song.”