新街三山國王與五十三庄：管窺北港溪流域中游的一個福佬客信仰組織

Lords of Triple Mountains in Xinjie and an Alliance of 53 Villages: Survey on Religious Organization of Hoklo-influenced Hakka in the Middle Part of Beigang River Valley

邱彥貴(Chiu Yen-kuei)

《臺灣宗教研究》 3卷2期 (2005/04) Pp. 1-56

摘要

本文意旨在於，透過民間信仰組織與宗族分布的口傳、書寫資料，擇取以雲林縣大埤鄉新街（太和街）為核心的三山國王信仰組織「五十三庄」為切入點，剖析雲林縣南側、嘉義縣北側平原區族群分布大勢。導論為問題提出與研究路徑。正文部分第一章以解釋名詞方式，逐步嘗試解答「新街」、「三山國王」與「五十三庄」等三個本文核心問題，初步定位討論時空與對象。第二章則以籌組新街中元祭典之「七大柱」家族源流為線索，浮現五十三庄與新街三山國王信仰之客家屬性。第三章則較全面檢討地跨今日雲林嘉義兩縣八個鄉鎮內五十三庄的族群分布情況，嘗試普查客家濃密度。且為強化觀點，第四章特以五十三庄周邊族群、信仰組織為對照參考，以資驗證前章所得。歸納結論有二；其一為初步復原勾勒濁水溪以南，直迄高屏六堆之間，最大客家或褔佬客社群的輪廓。其二為以此確認嘉南平原北部的族群分布大勢，係「泉人濱海，粵人居中，漳人倚山」，有別慣見通說。

關鍵字

新街（太和街） ； 三山國王 ； 五十三庄 ； 客家 ； 福佬客

並列摘要

This thesis aims to capture the distribution of ethnic groups on the plain region across Yunlin and Jiayi counties. The regional cult of ＂53 Villages＂ centering on the worship of the Lords of Triple Mountains (三山國王), which temple is located at Xinjie, namely ＂boom town＂, of Dapi township in Yunlin county. The investigation of such regional unit is carried out by the study of the oral history and written documents about the belief of the Lords of Triple Mountains and the dispersion of lineages around this area. The major issues and approaches are discussed in the introduction. In Chapter 1, the three cardinal research topics: Xinjie, 53 Villages, and the Lords of Triple Mountains are explained primitively. The temporal and spatial factors are also positioned. Chapter 2 follows the clue offered by the statehood of 7 lineages holding the great mercy ceremony of Xinjie, to unveil the Hakka attribute of 53 Villages and the Lords of Triple Mountains. In Chapter 3 it is discussed thoroughly about the ethnical distribution, especially the contemporary population density of Hakkas in 53 Villages among 8 townships in both Yunlin and Jiayi. To reinforce and verify the point of view mentioned in the former chapter, the ethnical and religious condition of the neighboring areas surrounding 53 Villages as a referential contrast in Chapter 4. Two concluding remarks have been made: firstly, the primary sketch on the countenance of the largest Hakka, or Hoklo-influenced Hakka community, between Zhuoshui River and Liudui dorps in Kaohsiung and Pingdong, has been recovered. Next, a common sense that ＂Zhangzhou immigrants dwell in middle of the Quanzhou-dominant seashore and Hakka-prominent mountains＂ should be refined; in that the ethnical distribution on the northern part of Jia-nan plain is actually as such: ＂Cantonese Hakka descendants live between the coastal Quanzhou and hilly Zhangzhou people＂.

並列關鍵字

Xinjie ； Lords of Triple Mountains ； 53 Villages ； Hakka ； Hoklo-influenced Hakka