職業運動主場優勢之研究－以美國國家籃球聯盟(NBA)為例

A Study on Home Team Advantage in Professional Sports -A Case Study of the National Basketball Association (NBA)

宋威穎(Wei-Ying Sung) ； 雷文谷(Wen-Guu Lei) ； 張涵筑(Han-Chu Chang)

《運動事業管理學術研討會論文集》 6期 (2007/05) Pp. 73-85

https://doi.org/10.29464/YDSYGL.200705.0073

摘要

本研究主要目的是要分析美國國家籃球聯盟(NBA)中的主客場戰績，以探討其「主場優勢」為何，並以2000至2006年美國國家籃球聯盟(NBA)當中29支球隊在球季間的14, 268場主客場比賽成績為研究分析資料，並利用描述性統計及卡方檢定的統計方法進行資料分析後，研究結果發現：1.美國國家籃球聯盟(NBA)整體主場戰績明顯優於客場戰績，且兩者之間有達顯著差異；2.美國國家籃球聯盟(NBA)29支球隊中，只有亞特蘭大老鷹隊、多倫多暴龍隊、芝加哥公牛隊、金州勇士隊等四隊主場戰績未達五成外，其餘25隊主場戰績均超過五成；3.美國國家籃球聯盟(NBA)西區球隊主場戰績明顯優於東區球隊主場戰績，且西區球隊主場戰績與東區球隊主場戰績間有顯著差異存在；4.美國國家籃球聯盟(NBA)晉級季後賽東區球隊與西區球隊在主場成績上達顯著差異，且西區球隊明顯優於東區；5.美國國家籃球聯盟(NBA)晉級季後賽隊伍主場勝率更高，且主、客場間達顯著差異；6.美國國家籃球聯盟(NBA)不論排名前五名還是後五名的球隊，其主場戰績均優於客場戰績，且主、客場之間都有達顯著差異。根據上述分析結果，本研究建議NBA各球隊可以把握主場優勢以提高自身的勝率，並加強選手的心理素質，以減少選手主場輕敵、客場怯場的情況。

關鍵字

職業運動 ； 主場優勢 ； 美國國家籃球聯盟NBA

並列摘要

The objective of this study is to analyze the NBA records of both the home and away teams for discussion of the ”home team advantage”. The results from 14,268 games of 29 teams during the 2000 to 2006 basketball seasons were used as analytical data for this study. After analyzing the data through descriptive statistics and Chi-square, the results of the study were:
1. The overall records of NBA home teams were distinctively better than that of away teams; there was a noticeable difference between the two.
2. Among the 29 NBA teams, there were only 4 teams that did not achieve 50% of home records, namely the Atlanta Hawks, Toronto Raptors, Chicago Bulls, and Golden State Warriors. All of the remaining 25 teams had exceeded 50% of home records.
3. The records for the NBA West Conference home teams were distinctively better than those of the East Conference; there was a noticeable difference between the two.
4. For post season games, the East Conference and West Conference both achieved obvious differences in home records; the West Conference was distinctively better than the East Conference.
5. For post season games, the winning rate of home teams was even higher and there was a noticeable difference between the home and away teams.
6. Despite being ranked as the top 5 NBA teams or last 5 NBA teams, all home team records were better than away team records; there was a noticeable difference between the two.
According to results of abovementioned analysis, this study suggests that each NBA team should capitalize on their home team advantage and improve their own winning rate, as well as enhancing psychological factors of players, so as to diminish players' tendency to underestimate themselves when playing on their home court and lacking confidence when on an away court.

並列關鍵字

professional sports ； home team advantage ； national basketball association