石灰石礦區捨石場植生特性之研究

Study on the Vegetation at Limestone Spoils

林信輝(Shin-Hui Lin) ； 巫建達(Jan-Dar Wu) ； 呂金誠(King-Cherng Lu)

《中華水土保持學報》 23卷2期 (1992/11) Pp. 57-72

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.199211_23(2).0005

摘要

台灣地區大面積石灰石礦開採後常造成集水區生態系嚴重危害，其採掘跡與捨石場之植生復育在防止災害及土地利用上，甚為重要。本研究選取關西，大崗山和蘇澳地區等石灰石礦區捨石場33個樣區為調査地點，進行立地與植被特性之研究，以供未來植生復育之參考。茲將研究結果摘列於下：1.石灰石礦捨石場概屬於高含石量、粗粒徑。階段式堆積之棄土石地，斜面坡度大多為自然安息角。其土壤呈鹼性反應，質地以砂質壤土居多，各捨石場鈣之含量甚高，而鐵之含量則差異甚大，並無明顯土壤剖面。2.礦區捨石場全部樣區出現之植物種類有178種，其中五節芒為絕對優勢種，在所有調査樣區內均出現。次優勢種則依礦區地點而異，主要植物為山水柳、山芙蓉、加拿大蓬等植物。3.依植物群團分析結果，植被特性可由捨石場堆積地點及不同捨石場堆積年代加以區分。4.依迴歸分析結果，山水柳與山芙蓉之覆蓋度隨堆積年限之增加而增加，加拿大蓬則隨堆積年限之增加而減少。五節芒之覆蓋度與堆積年限之相關性不顯著。5.依植物種間關連性分析結果，捨石場之優勢植物中只有少數植物間之關連性顯著。

關鍵字

石灰石礦捨石場 ； 立地特性 ； 植被分析

並列摘要

Limestone spoils from cement industry seriously impair the soil and water conservation. 38 sample plots were selected at Kuan-hui, Kang-shan and Su-au Mine areas for studying the characters of vegetation. Results obtained are summarizied as follows: 1. Most of the study sites are extremely stony. Soils are mainly sandy loam and alkali. Nutrients are lacking except Ca and Mg. 2. Totally 178 plant species were found at study areas. There were 96 species at Kuan-hsi, 39 species at Kang-shan and 97 species at Su-au limestone spoils. 3. According to cluster analysis, the vegetation at limestone spoils could be divided by their deposited areas and years. 4. The cover of Villebrunea pedunculata and Hibiscus taiwanensis increased, but Erigeron canadensis decreased following depositing. The relationship between cover of Miscanthus floridulus and deposit year was not significant. 5. Base on the species correlation analysis, most speci were under the same succession stage, only a few species are significantly associated.

並列關鍵字

Limestone spoils ； Site characteristics ； Vegetation analysis