地方自治法規得否為行政罰依據之探討

A Study on the Legitimacy of Local Self-Government Regulations as a Basis of Administrative Fines

林文清(Wen-Ching Lin)

《弘光人文社會學報》 6期 (2007/05) Pp. 111-142

https://doi.org/10.29933/SHSS.200705.0005

摘要

在法律保留原則之下，限制人民之權利、義務須以法律的依據、授權，而地方自治法規（自治條例而言），係由地方議會三讀通過（僅限於直轄市、縣市），由地方行政機關所公布者，自治條列本身並非法律，或法律授權行政機關所訂定之法規命令，似乎有違法律保留原則的疑義。關於上述問題，不僅德國、日本等國尚有爭議存在，我國在判例，大法官解釋，學說見解上亦有不同見解。地方制度法及行政罰法雖有明文，地方自治條例可以為行政罰之依據，然而上述法理上爭議仍然存在。本文嘗試以制度性保障、民主原則、垂直權力分立等概念建構自治條例行政罰之法理基礎。

關鍵字

行政罰 ； 自治條例 ； 法律保留原則 ； 制度性保障

並列摘要

Under the principle of law reservation, any restriction of right and obligation imposed on people should base on authorization from related laws. Local Self-Government Regulations itself (for Self-Government Bylaws) that are passed by local councils through three-reading procedures and published by local authorities are not laws or regulations and orders that local governments are authorized to enact. So the enforcement of local self-government regulations seems to contradict the principle of law reservation. The controversial problem not only exists in Germany and Japan but also in legal precedents, interpretations of justices of constitution court, Judicial Yuan, legal theories and opinions and understanding in Taiwan. Although Local System Law and Administrative Fine Law have stipulated in explicit terms that Local Self-Government Bylaws can be a basis of administrative fines, still there are legal controversies on the problem. The article is trying to construct legal basis of administrative fines by Local Self-Government Bylaws from the conceptions of systematical protection, democratic principles and separation of vertical powers.

並列關鍵字

administrative fine ； Self-Government Bylaws ； principle of law reservation ； systematic protection