科技評估與民主：韓國科技評估組織之法制與程序

Technology Assessment and Democracy: Regulation and Procedures Regarding Technology Assessment in Korea

劉華美(Hwa-Meei Liou)

《政治科學論叢》 42期 (2009/12) Pp. 137-168

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.42(137-168)

摘要

面對新興科技所帶來的各種倫理、社會與法律衝擊，各主要國家莫不重視科技決策的正當性，而多元專業與納入公衆參與的科技評估則爲決策的重要基石，並成爲全球重要發展潮流。本文主要指出韓國政府前瞻性的作爲，分析其透過科技基本法及相關法制的修訂，建構朝向多元、多層次專業與重視公衆參與的科技評估體制；而此雙元性的科技評估體制乃由「韓國科技評價與計畫院」(KISTEP)來進行實踐。本文的分析重點首先在於簡介科技評估與民主體制之理念，並實質的以韓國KISTEP的評估模式、程序與時程，來觀察其如何透過體制性的評估機制與溝通平台發展評估過程中所應具有的多元性、透明性、管道性與責任性等科技民主元素。同時，以此討論其開放性的評估與步驟，將擴大科技決策的社會支持與信任基礎之可能性，而成爲我國所需要借鏡與強化之處。

關鍵字

新興科技 ； 科技評估 ； 社會影響評估 ； 科學技術基本法 ； KISTEP ； 科技民主 ； 公衆參與

並列摘要

In the face of the social, ethical and legal implications of newly emerging technologies, the legitimacy of S&T policymaking processes along with the importance of incorporating diverse specialized fields and public participation into S&T assessments have become issues which no country can afford to ignore and an important trend in global development. This paper is concerned with highlighting the proactive approach of the South Korean government in response to these issues. Through an analysis of amendments made to both their S&T basic law and other related legislation, this paper shows how the South Korean government has restructured their S&T assessment system to incorporate diverse, multi-layered expertise and public participation. This dual S&T assessment system is carried out through the Korean Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP). The main point of the analysis within this paper is to introduce the idea of technology assessment and democracy. Accordingly, in terms of the assessment model, procedure and agenda adopted by KISTEP, the paper will observe how systematic assessing mechanisms and communication platforms can develop S&T democratic elements such as diversity, transparency, responsibility and channeling. At the same time this discussion of greater openness within assessment processes also opens the possibility of broadening the extent of social trust and support for S&T policymaking, and in this area provides a useful model by which Taiwan can strengthen its own systems.

並列關鍵字

Newly Emerging Technology ； Technological Assessment ； Social Impact Assessment ； Basic Law of S&T ； KISTEP ； Technological Democracy ； Public Participation

參考文獻

王振寰(2007)。從科技追趕到科技創新的經濟轉型：韓國，台灣與中國。台灣社會研究季刊。68，177-226。

申東鎮(2006)。自主創新：韓國經濟騰飛的翅膀。中外企業文化。12，57-59。

朱雪飛、曾樂民、盧進(2006)。韓國科技評估現狀分析及借鑒。科技管理研究。26(2)，45-48。

周桂田(2002)。在地化風險之實踐與理論缺口－遲滯型高科技風險社會。台灣社會研究季刊。45，89-129。

科技政策智庫網熱門議題