Landscape, Migration, and Identity-Construction: Spiritual Quest via the Zen Path in Jack Kerouac's the Dharma Bums and on the Road

美國的一九五零年代是個動盪不安的年代，經濟蕭條迫使許多人流離失所，遷移、流動成為當時的社會現象。美國著名散文家克里亞克是此流動年代中的代表作家，然而，從失落、移轉至大自然的環境中，克里亞克了悟東方聖者之路在於萬物之生生不息，也在天地的土吶和人事的包容；天地間自然的表象和不落言詮的真理成就了克里亞克的禪機，也映稱人世的渺小與卑微。本文探討克里亞克散文集中呈現出的流動主題，也同時分析在奧秘的自然生態和困頓的環境，克里亞克領會到的禪者之路。

關鍵字

克里亞克；遷徙；禪；崩垮世代

並列摘要

The 1950s was a period of political cold war and a time of suspicion when the weariness about war, moral deviance and economic depression weighed down the traditional values. Kerouac wins his celebrity by publishing a series of novels with the main characters troubled by their environment, economical parsimony and disengaged human relationship. Desolation angels, shrouded monks and dharma bums are their pseudo names; road and nomadism are the essence of their identity. Along the road, Kerouac's path-finders, obsessed with wanderlust, experience and identify with the marginality, become pilgrims when they penetrate into the core of human existence. They are on the land of America, but they have the sensation of being homesick. Exploring aimlessly and restlessly, Kerouac’s characters eventually find the elements of the world although multi-layered, multi-dimensioned, yet they still belong to each other. This recognition of the extraordinary in the ordinary, starting from migration, is based on appreciation of landscape and nature. This paper will begin with the concept of migration, its intertwining of the landscape and then proceed to the discussion of Kerouac's path of dharma in his most representative road narratives.