即經類事，以見始末－劉朔《春秋比事》中的「屬辭比事」之法

傳統以「類例」解經的思維是類聚同樣性質的事件，從相同語式的事辭討論聖人義法。本文即認為「屬辭比事」在唐代以前是《春秋》「類例」模式的方法論，也就是「屬辭比事」是思維運用時的過程、方法、形式，「類例」是思維運用後產生的模組、結果、內容，直到啖助學派重新改造「類例」之後，才逐漸開啟宋儒新變「屬辭比事」的風氣，南宋劉朔《春秋比事》就是在這新變風氣下的著作之一。第二，劉朔在「屬辭比事」的運用方法上，借取《左傳》張本繼末的敘事之法，聯屬前後與事件相關的經文，跳脫「類例」純以遣詞用字為序列的規範，突破傳統「類例—屬辭比事」的架構。第三，劉朔曾推動永嘉學術，和同屬永嘉地域的學者陳傅良相比，劉、陳二人皆綴合前後經文以體現春秋「事勢」之歷史遞變，但劉朔另寓有「理勢」的價值判斷，在歷史事件尋繹出一條「修德」法則，連結「屬辭比事」和「倫理道德」，闡釋春秋歷史人物的行為得失，明顯和陳傅良有不同的歷史解釋。

關鍵字

劉朔；屬辭比事；《春秋》；《左傳》；德

並列摘要

Traditionally, the thinking of ＂classification and category＂ for scripture analyzing is to gather events in similar traits and then to discuss the law and principle of saints from the same wordings. In this study, ＂list and compare＂ is considered as the methodology of ＂classification and category＂ for Spring and Autumn Annals before Tang Dynasty. In other words, ＂list and compare＂ are the process, method, and form when thinking, and ＂classification and category＂ is the model, result, and content generated from the thinking. Only after the modification of ＂classification and category＂ by Dangzu School, then the trend of ＂list and compare＂ in Song Dynasty started to emerge. Spring and Autumn Annals Comparison by Liushuo in Southern Song Dynasty was one of the works under such new trend. Secondly, in terms of the use of ＂list and compare,＂ Liushuo took the description method of ＂full explanation＂ in Zuo Zhuan, connecting relevant texts of the event and jumping out of the frame of ＂classification and category＂, where the list is purely composed of words. Such broke through the traditional structure of traditional ＂classification and category - list and compare＂. Thirdly, Liushuo once promoted the school of Yongjia. Compared with the scholar Chen Fuliang, who were in the region of Yongjia, Liushuo added a value determination of ＂morality and trend＂, even though both stressed the history evolution of ＂situation and trend＂ in Chunqiu Period. Discovering a principle of ＂morality learning＂ and connecting ＂list and compare＂ with ＂ethics and morality＂, Liushuo clearly has a different historical interpretation from that of Chen Fuliang's in terms of explaining historical figures during Chunqiu Period.