三種蹲距式踏板距離起跑之動力學分析

目的：探討三種踏板距離蹲距式起跑動力學參數之間的差異。方法：以8位高中短距離選手為研究對象（年齡16.38±0.52歲）。使用四個測力計分別安裝於起跑踏板的上方與下方，記錄三種蹲距式起跑之動力學參數，實驗數據以重複量數單因子變異數分析(α=.05)。如有達到顯著水準則進行事後比較，事後比較則採用杜凱式法(Tukey Method)進行。結果：雙腳踏板距離越長，選手在起跑反應時間、完成時間以及最大反作用力均無顯著差異，而在左、右腳衝量、最大發力率以及初始發力率則有顯著上的差異。結論：起跑雙腳踏板距離的改變對於起跑時產生的衝量、最大發力率以及初始發力率確實有明顯的差異，建議教練及選手先由距離較長的起跑模式訓練，經由不斷的調整及修正，才能找到適合選手本身的起跑模式，以利在比賽中，搶得先機，克敵致勝。

關鍵字

蹲距式起跑；起跑踏板距離；動力學

並列摘要

Purpose: To discuss the discrepancy about Kinetics Studies between the 3 blocks distance of crouch start. Method: 8 high school students (at age of 16.38±0.52) are picked as the samples of this experiment. Four dynamometers are applied to the upper and lower part of the paddle in order to record the kinetics parameter of the 3 crouch start. The statistics which represents will be analyzed by repeated measures one-way ANOVA (α=.05). Posteriori comparison ”Tukey Method” will only be used if the result reaches the level of significance. Result: The farther the distance of the paddle is, the less difference will be revealed on the contestant's reaction time, completed time and the maximum counterforce. However, there is a significant differentiation between the momentum of the legs, the rate of force and the rate of force prior to get out. Conclusion: As the study states, the adjustment of the distance between the paddles makes a significant differentiation between the momentum of the legs, the rate of force and the rate of force prior to getout. In order to have a consecutive victory, coaches and contestants are recommended to undergo a long-distance racing training, and to switch to the best getout mode for the contestants by making necessary adjustments and corrections.