Headache, nausea, and visual impairment sometimes develop in combination with a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) during hemodialysis (HD). A wide variety of diseases may be associated with the rise in IOP in HD patients, including viral infection. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections occurred more frequently in immunocompromised individuals and HD patients. This report describes two cases focusing on patients who had undergone maintenance HD for several years, manifesting as acute glaucoma during HD, with markedly elevated IOP, headache and visual impairment. Early accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of CMV anterior uveitis in these two HD patients produced a dramatic improvement in IOP and visual acuity.