總統任命大法官，大法官選任總統？：布希控高爾案之政治分析

Does the President Appoint the Justices, or Do the Justices Elect the President?: A Political Analysis of Bush v. Gore

陳文政(Wen-Cheng Chen)

《政治學報》 42期 (2006/12) Pp. 125-187

https://doi.org/10.6229/CPSR.2006.42.04

摘要

緣因於2000年總統大選爭議之聯邦最高法院憲法判決「布希控高爾案」，從案件是否應該受理之「程序爭點」到實質判決之「實體爭點」，皆蘊含諸多政治意涵。本文旨在就上述「程序爭點」與「實體爭點」有關議題進行政治分析。結果發現，「布希控高爾案」5位多數意見大法官之決策，深受法律唯實主義及黨派考量之影響。換言之，由於布希案系爭法律與各項爭點皆有「法律判斷與政治判斷之間界線不明」現象，從而5位大法官乃依據自己的政治立場與價值偏好進行決策，然後再尋找自認為適當的法律論理，來加以合理化。

關鍵字

布希控高爾案 ； 平等保護條款 ； 安全防護條款 ； 法律唯實主義 ； 政治問題不審查原則 ； 黨派鞏固理論

並列摘要

The United States' Supreme Court decision, Bush ν. Gore, which resulted from the 2000 presidential election disputes, is full of political significance in its procedural and substantive issues. This paper sets out to analyze the above-mentioned issues in regard to this epochal decision from a political perspective, and the conclusion reached is that the judicial decision-making of the majority of the Court's justices was deeply affected by legal realism and partisan considerations. That is, because the boundaries between the legal judgments and political judgments in relation to the case were unclear, the Court's majority of five handed down the decision on the basis of their own political stances and personal values. The majority justices then rationalized after the decision was made based on their own appropriate legal reasoning.

並列關鍵字

Bush v. Gore ； doctrine of political question ； equal protection clause ； legal realism ； partisan entrenchment theory ； safe harbor provision

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