急診室醫療工作人員針刺與體液血液意外事件調查

The Prevalence of Sharps Injury, Blood and Body Fluids Exposure among Emergency Department Staffs in Taiwan

洪美娟(Mei-Chuan Hung) ； 蕭淑銖(Judith Shu-Chu Shiao) ； 莊銀清(Yin-Ching Chuang) ； 黃崑巖(Kun-Yen Huang) ； 郭育良(Yue-Liang Leon Guo)

《中華公共衛生雜誌》 18卷1期 (1999/02) Pp. 66-76

https://doi.org/10.6288/CJPH1999-18-01-08

摘要

針刺傷害是醫療工作人員常見的職業傷害之一，而醫院的急診室是個緊急的救護單位，經常需要在短時間內處理大量的傷患。因此，發生針刺或體液血液暴觸的意外事件可能較為嚴重。為了解此類事件的嚴重程度，我們調查了台灣地區醫學中心、區域醫院、地區醫院與地區教學醫院共14家醫院的急診部門，共完成372份問卷。有342位(919%)醫療工作人員主訴曾發生針刺傷害。以最後一次醫療人員的針刺事件來進行分析，針頭刺傷種類是以一般注射用的針頭（189人，55.30/0）為多；因回蓋而被針頭刺傷者有73人(21.3%)。被刺傷後約有80%的醫療工作人員未向所屬單位報告。在刺傷或體液血液暴觸事件的次數方面，平均每人每年被針頭或銳物刺傷的次數分別為1.43次與1.54次，其自身的皮膚或黏膜接觸到病人的血液體液的次數分別為受傷且破皮的皮膚0.98次、眼睛黏膜0.28次、鼻子黏膜0.13次、嘴巴黏膜0.16次，且發現其使用個人防護用具的情況過低。因此，建議醫院應加強宣導針刺與體液血液防治措施，以減少此類意外事件的發生。

關鍵字

針刺傷害 ； 血液體液暴觸事件

並列摘要

It has been well documented that health care workers (HCWs) in the emergency departments (EDs) are at high risk of sustaining sharps injuries (SIs) as well as exposure to blood and body fluids (BBFs). Nevertheless, limited information is available on the prevalence and predisposing factors of these episodes among ED staff in Taiwan. A total of 372 HCWs from EDs of 14 hospitals were surveyed. Questions concerning their most recent SIs were measured. Of those surveyed 91.9% (342/372) had experienced of least 1 SIs. Ordinary needles (55.3%) were responsible for most of the episodes and recapping (21.3%) was the most frequently reported behavior associated with the accidents. The non-reporting rate was 80%. The average rates of needlesticks and other SIs were 1.43 and 1.54/person/year, respectively. The frequencies of exposure to BBFs were 0.98/person/year to non-intact skin, 0.28/person/year to the eyes, 0.13/person/year to mucosa membrane of the nose, and 0.16/person/year to mucosa membrane of the mouth. We conclude that HCWs in EDs in Taiwan are at high risk of SI as well as exposure to BBFs. A tailor-made preventive education program and provision of protective equipment to HCWs in the EDs are warranted.

並列關鍵字

health care workers ； emergency department ； sharps injury ； exposure ； blood and body fluids