金龜正常健康體態比例、血液及生化參考值之研究

The Study in Normal Healthy Body Ratio, Hematologic and Biochemical Reference Values of Mauremys reevesii

官苑芃(Yuan-Peng Kuan)

指導教授 ： 季昭華

國立臺灣大學/獸醫專業學院/臨床動物醫學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.00897

摘要

金龜(Mauremys reevesii)為臺灣四種原生淡水龜之一，目前臺灣本島的族群數量幾近滅絕，僅在金門有穩定族群，且為第一級瀕臨絕種保育類野生動物，但臺灣對金龜的保育醫學研究極少，因此本研究針對金龜建立其正常體態參考指標及血液生化參考值，以期應用在獸醫臨床醫學及生態保育研究上。
實驗對象為飼養於金門縣金沙鎮之半開放圈養環境內且臨床理學檢查正常之成年金龜27隻，其中雄龜12隻、雌龜15隻。健康體態參考指標以Jackson’s ratio、體重與背甲長的對數回歸方程式進行分析。
血液生化參考值之建立，以同一群金龜於2011年4月、7月、11月及2012年2月為金門之四季代表月份，以物理保定方式從金龜之頸靜脈採取血液樣本。血液檢驗項目包含血容比、血紅素、紅白血球計數及血球細胞染色。生化學包含總蛋白、白蛋白、尿酸、尿素氮、肌胺酸酐、葡萄糖、天門冬酸轉氨酶、氨基丙酸轉氨酶、膽固醇、三酸甘油脂、鹼磷酶、血鈣、血磷、肌酸磷激脢、加瑪麩氨基轉換酶、乳酸鹽脫氫酶及鈉鉀氯離子共17項，以國際臨床病理聯盟（International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, IFCC）法則建立正常參考值的範圍，並分析性別及季節單獨對於血液生化值的影響和性別與季節的交互作用。
結果顯示金龜的體重與背甲長存在正相關性，體重除以背甲長的比例會隨著背甲長增加；同時建立了金龜的體重背甲長回歸方程式，可根據季節和性別的不同用來預測正常的體重範圍。
血液學及生化數值的分析可得到，在雄雌龜間，異嗜球及嗜鹼性球比例、天門冬氨酸轉氨酶、鈣、磷、膽固醇、總蛋白、三酸甘油脂有明顯差異，雌金龜有顯著高的血鈣、血磷、膽固醇、三酸甘油脂，與大部份的爬蟲類研究相符，主要原因是與產卵及卵生成相關；季節方面，除了白血球數及分類比例、氨基丙酸轉氨酶、天門冬酸轉氨酶無差異外，其餘反應進食及代謝功能的項目都有明顯差異，可觀察到金龜整體代謝機能從春季開始逐漸旺盛到度冬時減退的變化。
金龜的血球型態及染色性與大部份爬蟲類相同，可在顯微鏡下直接區分出白血球種類；而最常出現的白血球是異嗜球與嗜鹼性球，接著是單核球與淋巴球，最少見的是嗜酸性球。其中以嗜鹼性球的比例特別高，在某些個體甚至可到百分之八十。
本實驗所得到的的健康體態參考指標和血液生化參考值可直接應用在該物種的救傷醫療、檢疫、收容等獸醫臨床及相關保育工作上；另外亦可與已建立起的斑龜、柴棺龜、食蛇龜資料統合，完成了台灣原生淡水龜血液生化參考值方面的保育醫學資料庫。

關鍵字

金龜 ； 血液 ； 血液生化 ； 體態 ； 參考值 ； 血球細胞 ； 瀕臨絕種

並列摘要

The Reeve’s turtle (Mauremys reevesii) is one of the four endemic freshwater turtle species found in Taiwan. Due to overharvesting and habitat destruction, the Reeve’s turtle is now nearly extinction in Taiwan, and the only stable population is currently restricted in Kinmen island. The status of this turtle is currently listed as endangered on
the IUCN Redlist and protected under the Wildlife Conservation Law as an endangered species in Taiwan, however the related conservation medicine studies of this species are still lacking. The purpose of this study is to establish the normal healthy body ratio, hematologic and biochemical reference values of the Reeve’s turtle, which can be applied on the clinical veterinary medicine and wildlife conservation.
27 clinically healthy and mature Reeve’s turtle from Kinmen were sampled in this research, which including 12 males and 15 females. The normal healthy body ratio was assessed by Jackson’s ratio and regressive equation between logarithm body weight and logarithm carapace length.
In the establishment of hematological and biochemical reference values, the blood samples were collected from the same group of Reeve’s turtle in April, July, November of 2011 and February of 2012 as the representative months of the four seasons. Complete blood count was performed including hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, red and white blood cell count and cytological differential count. Blood biochemistry items included albumin, total protein, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, creatine kinase (CK), γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride). The normal reference interval was established by the principles of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC). The data was further analyzed, hoping to determine whether some variables like gender and season can affect those parameters.
The results showed that there were high correlations between body weight and carapace length. With increasing carapace length, the Jackson’s ratio also increases. The regressive equation between logarithm body weight and logarithm carapace length were also established, thus we can predict the normal body weight of the turtle based on its carapace length of different seasons and gender.
Significant sex differences of heterophil and basophil percentage, AST, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, total protein and triglyceride were observed. Seasonal variations were noted in most parameters, which representing food intake and metabolic function except white blood cell count and their percentage, AST and ALT. The differences between sex and seasons were primarily associated with female reproduction stage and lower temperature in winter (wintering).
The blood cell morphology and cytochemical characteristic of the Reeve’s turtle are resemble to most reptiles, thus we can differentiate these cells directly using microscope. The most abundant leukocytes are heterophils and basophils, followed by monocytes and lymphocytes, and the eosinophils are the rare one.
The results of assessment of normal healthy body ratio and hematological and biochemical reference values presented in this study can be applied on clinical veterinary medicine and wildlife conservation in this species, such as wildlife casualties, quarantine and shelter. Also, these data of the Reeve’s turtle can be integrated with former researches about other freshwater turtles in Taiwan, completing the conservation medicine database of endemic freshwater turtles in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Reeve’s turtle ； Mauremys reevesii ； body condition ； hematology ； biochemistry ； reference values ； endangered species

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