本論文發展以燃料電池為電力源的電動機車及電動小型車。電動車具有高效率、操作安靜、無廢氣排放、多樣性的電力來源等優點,但其行程卻受到電池容量的限制,所以我們使用燃料電池混和電源取代傳統的鉛酸電池組,並設計適當的電力管理策略,使系統可以持續操作,並提升整體效率。本論文包含四個工作項目:燃料電池系統控制、電力管理策略、單晶片系統及模組化、及SimPowerSystem模擬。首先,我們建立燃料電池的數學模型,並設計強韌控制器,控制燃料電池的輸出電壓或是輸出電流,並提升系統效率。其次,我們建立一套結合燃料電池及磷酸離鐵電池的串聯式電力鏈,並設計適當的電力管理策略,以持續提供電動車所需電力;我們嘗試使用兩種充電模式-定電壓充電及定電流充電,並從實驗驗證其優缺點。再則,我們以單晶片實現控制系統,使系統可以獨立運作,並且比較PC based 跟單晶片系統的優缺點。之後,我們進一步將系統模組化,以方便在不同載具間進行置換。最後,我們使用Matlab/SimPowerSystem 建立全車模型並進行模擬,並與實驗結果進行比較。我們將所有系統整合至電動機車及電動小型車上,實際上路測試,並從實驗結果驗證此系統的可行性及優點。
This thesis proposes proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) powered electric vehicles. Traditional electric vehicles have advantages of high efficiency, quiet operation, zero emission and diversity of electric sources, but their moving ranges are limited by the battery capacity. Therefore, we build a serial power train that consists of a PEMFC and two lithium-ion battery sets, and develop suitable power management strategies to continuously operate the system and to increase the system efficiency. This thesis discusses the following four topics: PEMFC control, power management, microchip system and system modularization, and SimPowerSystem simulation. First, we derive the transfer functions of the PEMFC system, and design robust controllers to regulate the output voltage (current) and to increase the system efficiency. Second, we build a serial power train that is composed of the PEMFC and two lithium-ion battery sets, and design power management strategies to provide continuously power for electric vehicles. We design voltage control and current control to charge the battery sets, and verify their advantages by experiments. Third, we use microprocessors to realize a standalone control system, and then compare the experiment results with the PC based system. We also develop modular design so that the system can be easily implemented on different vehicles. Last, we build the system on Matlab/Simulink/SimPowerSystem, and compare the simulation results with experiments. We integrate the system onto the electric motorbike and electric light vehicle for road tests. Based on the results, the proposed systems are deemed effective.