微型高速旋轉扭力計之設計開發

Design and Development of a Micro High-Speed Torque Sensor

蔡妙如(Miao-Ru Tsai)

指導教授 ： 黃光裕

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.01171

摘要

近十幾年來，量測連續旋轉主軸的扭力矩檢測裝置被廣泛地應用於汽車自動轉向系統、工具機或動力檢測設備等產業。隨著量測之技術之發展，連續旋轉主軸的扭力矩檢測裝置則是朝著高轉速、微小化等方向進行研究。
本論文之目標為設計開發微型高速旋轉扭力計，可應用於量測未知馬達之動態性能，能夠即時擷取其動態扭力矩與轉速等動態性能。扭力矩量測方法為量測扭力矩造成之應變，量測系統以非接觸式光遮斷作為原理，此量測方法避免了一般接觸式扭力矩量測在高速旋轉情況下因摩擦產生的熱能，大幅提高了系統的穩定性。藉由調整作用於扭力計上之煞車扭矩，達到在定扭力矩下測試扭力計動態性能之目的，如此便可記錄動態穩定後的動力變化，量測待測未知馬達在不同轉速下的動態特性表現。
系統之量測目標為市售之微型直流馬達，由建構應變量測機構開始，導入模組化之概念，逐步完成實體設計。並藉由理論分析與有限元素分析模擬，探討設計和操作參數對應變值之影響，近一步找出適當之設計參數。
完成之微型高速旋轉扭力計，透過高響應之光遮斷感應器，可實現量測為小扭力矩之目標。可量測轉速0 ~ 7000 rpm之轉速下之微小扭力矩，量測範圍為0 ~ 13 Nmm，動態解析度可達到0.2 Nmm。

關鍵字

非接觸 ； 光遮斷 ； 扭力計 ； 微型 ； 高速

並列摘要

Recently, measurements of the torque in a continuous rotating shaft are often required for Electric Power Assisted Steering (EPAS) systems, machine tools, engines, etc. With the development of technology, the performance of continuous torque measurement has become more delicate and higher responses.
The aim of this paper is design and develop a measuring system, which focus on the characteristic of high-speed motors, and can simultaneously obtain its dynamic torque and rotational speed. A non-contact measurement of the angular strain which caused by torque on the shaft is developed. By the principle of photo interrupters, we can avoid heat issues on the shaft resulted from high speed rotating, making the measuring system more stable. Through controlling the braking torque applied on the torque sensor, we can achieve the purpose of testing the dynamic performance of the torque sensor and motors.
To measure the dynamic performances of motor, this paper begins with deriving the theoretical background of non-contact torque measuring theories. As the concept of modular, the structural design of measuring system had been constructed. The appropriate design parameter had been obtained through the optimization by simulation with finite element method(FEM) and material mechanics theory analysis.
By applying the photo interrupters, the torque sensor can measure micro-torque of continuous rotating motors. The measuring unit of the torque sensor can achieve 0 to 13 Nmm, with the rotating speed range from 0 to 14000 rpm. In addition, the resolution of dynamic torque measurement is 0.1 Nmm.

並列關鍵字

noncontact ； photointerrupter ； torque sensor ； micro-sensor ； high speed

參考文獻

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