臺灣一般與技職大專畢業生理工/非理工學門選擇之研究

本研究探討臺灣高等教育中STEM (工科，以下同) 與NON-STEM (非工科，以下同) 領域科系選擇的影響因素。觀察近十年來臺灣的各領域畢業生人數變化，不難發現許多領域都有人數逐年減少的跡象，就算考慮少子化的現象，此人數遞減趨勢依然不變。且其中以STEM領域最為嚴重，且仔細剖析後發現，此趨勢以技職體系學校尤為明顯，。關於STEM領域科系選擇的因素探討，國內外研究成果頗豐，但其中探討技職與普通教育體系在科系選擇差異的研究仍十分有限。本研究以學生在科系選擇的角度切入，探討不同教育體系下學生的特質，及影響他們科系選擇的因素，並以學生的畢業後薪資作為特別考慮的要素。本研究採用中央研究院社會學研究所主導的「臺灣青少年成長歷程研究」之青少年追蹤資料，並以Roy模型為基礎，透過機率迴歸模型 (Probit 模型) 與OLS模型及Heckman兩步法來建構一個三階段的模型用以進行實證估計。結果表明，薪資的差異對科系選擇有著顯著且實質的影響，當STEM領域科系畢業生的平均時薪較NON-STEM多1% 時，其自STEM領域畢業的機率將增加0.0042。但若將體系分開討論，則發現技職體系並未有顯著影響，表示技職大學畢業生在考慮科系選擇時並不顯著考慮該科系之預期工資。

關鍵字

STEM ；高等教育；科系選擇；教育體系

並列摘要

This research aims at studying the determinants of choice between STEM and NON-STEM subjects of universities in Taiwan. It is often observed that the number of graduates is decreasing by years, when it comes to many subjects or fields. Even by deducting the impact of low fertility rate, the trend is still not optimistic, in which the situation of STEM field is the most severe one. Moreover, this diminishing in STEM can be mostly tracked to vocational universities. When it comes to the past literatures about this topic, they are remarkable in concluding the determinants of choosing STEM, but very few shed light on the discrepancy between vocational and general education system. By studying how students make their choices, this research compares student in those two systems, especially focusing on the factor of future wage after graduation. This research use the questionnaire data of “Taiwan Youth Project” from Survey Research Data Archive, established by the Academia Sinica. Furthermore, based on Roy Model, this paper incorporates Probit, OLS and Heckkman two-way method to establish a three-stage model for empirical analysis. The results show that the difference in salary has a significant impact on major choosing. When the average hourly salary of graduates in STEM is 1% higher than that of NON-STEM, the probability of graduating from STEM will increase by 0.0042. However, if the system is discussed separately, it is found that the technical and vocational system has no significant impact.