馬拉巴栗粗萃液抑制小花蔓澤蘭種子發芽及生長之研究

Inhibition Effect of Crude Extract of Pachira macrocarpa (Cham. & Schl.) Schl on Seed Germination and Growth in Mikania micrantha Kunth

呂理佑(Li-You Lyu)

指導教授 ： 鄭秋雄

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/植物醫學系所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2014.00260

摘要

本研究目的為開發防治小花蔓澤蘭（Mikania micrantha Kunth）之生物農藥之材料源。為測試植物粗萃液對小花蔓澤蘭種子發芽之抑制率，取5種林木葉片及9種雜草葉片之10%（w/v）粗萃液處理小花蔓澤蘭種子。結果以馬拉巴栗（Pachira macrocarpa (Cham. & Schl.) Schl.）及綠竹（Bambusa oldhamii Munro）粗萃液之發芽抑制率最高，約93.9%，其次為紫茉莉（Mirabilis jalapa L.），約72.2%，相思樹（Acacia confusa Merr.）及長穗木（Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims）分別為46.9%及44.4%；餘九種者皆低於40%。比較馬拉巴栗葉與根組織粗萃液對小花蔓澤蘭種子發芽之抑制率，結果其抑制率分別為97-100%與72.6%，葉粗萃液優於根組織者。若以馬拉巴栗葉20%（w/v）及10%（w/v）粗萃液處理小花蔓澤蘭種子1、12、24小時，其對種子發芽抑制效率分別為66.4%及23.0%、91.2%及85.0%、99.1%及90.3%。顯示，以馬拉巴栗葉粗萃液處理24小時即可有效抑制小花蔓澤蘭種子發芽。馬拉巴栗葉粗萃液處理小花蔓澤蘭花器後，花器中之成熟種子百分比及其發芽率為45.94%及45.61%，未處理花器者則為83.37%及78.47%。顯示，馬拉巴栗葉粗萃液可有效減少小花蔓澤蘭成熟種子數，並降低種子發芽率。探討光照度（無光至555 μmol/m2S）、酸鹼值（pH3.0~9.5）及水中鹽分含量（0.1%~0.8% (w/v)）對小花蔓澤蘭種子發芽率之影響，結果顯示，無光及水中鹽分含量0.5%以上者不利於發芽，其他條件下均可發芽。由上述結果顯示，馬拉巴栗葉粗萃液對小花蔓澤蘭花器中種子發育與種子發芽具極佳之抑制效果，可有效減少成熟種子數，並降低種子發芽率。本研究證實馬拉巴栗葉萃液為優越之生物農藥材料源。

關鍵字

馬拉巴栗 ； 葉粗萃液 ； 小花蔓澤蘭 ； 種子發芽 ； 抑制效果

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to develop the material sources of biopesticide on prevention against Mikania micrantha Kunth. In order to detect the inhibition rate of crude extract of plants on the seed germination in M. micrantha, the seeds of M. micrantha were treated with 10% (w/v) crude extract from the leaves of 5woody plants and 9 weeds. The results indicated that Pachira macrocarpa (Cham. & Schl.) Schl. and Bambusa oldhamii Munro were the best in inhibition rate (93.9%), with Mirabilis jalapa L. followed closely, 72.2%, Acacia confusa Merr. and Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims were 46.9% and 44.4%；Others extracts were below 40%. In comparison of inhibition rate of crude extract from the leaves and roots of P. macrocarpa on the seed germination in M. micrantha, were 97-100% and 72.6% respectively. Crude extract from the leaves was better than the roots. When seeds of M. micrantha were treated with 20%(w/v) and 10%（w/v) crude extract of P. macrocarpa for 1, 12 and 24 h, the inhibition rate of seed germination were 66.4% and 23.0%, 91.2% and 85.0%, 99.1% and 90.3% respectively. It was found that the seeds treated with leaf crude extract for 24 h could inhibit germination effectively in M. micrantha. When flowers of M. micrantha were treated with leaf crude extract of P. macrocarpa, the percentages of mature seed in the flowers and the germination rates were 45.94% and 45.61%；CK were 83.37% and 78.47%. It was found that leaf crude extract of P. macrocarpa could reduce the number of mature seed and their germination rate effectively. Effects of light intensity (92.5~555μmol/m2S and darkness), pH value (pH3-9.5) and salt concentration in water (0.1%-0.8% (w/v)) on seed germination in M. micrantha Kunth were evaluated. It had found that darkness and salt concentration in water over 0.5% (w/v) were disadvantageous to germination, but others germinated. Above-mentioned results indicated that crude extract solution which extracted from the leaves of P. macrocarpa had good results in inhibition effect on seed development in the flowers and germination, which could reduce the number of mature seed and germination rate effectively. This study confirmed that crude extract extracted from the leaves of P. macrocarpa was a good material source of biopesticide.

並列關鍵字

Pachira macrocarpa (Cham. & Schl.) Schl ； leaf crude extract ； Mikania micrantha Kunth ； seed germination ； inhibition effect

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