日治初期葫蘆墩區保甲實施的情形及保正角色的探討(1895-1909)

A Probe into the Paochia System and the Role of Pao-cheng in the Hulutun Dictrict during the Early Period of the Japanese Occupation (1895-1909)

洪秋芬(Chiu-Fen Hung)

《近代史研究所集刊》 34期 (2000/12) Pp. 211-268

https://doi.org/10.6353/BIMHAS.200012.0211

摘要

本文是以保正張麗俊的日記〈水竹居主人日記〉爲主要資料，以葫蘆墩區（今豐原一帶）爲研究範圍，對日治初期保甲的實施情形做一地域性的個案研究，探討日治初期保正在地方社會上的地位，及其在日本的台灣統治史上所扮演的角色。
日本領台之初，爲了建立一有效的殖民統治體制，將原屬聚落自治自衛組織的保甲制度加以改革，轉變成基層行政的輔助機構。如此透過保甲組織，殖民政府的公權力和影響力乃直接深入到台灣社會的基層。
領台不久，殖民當局即取消原有的大租戶，並廢止科舉制度。小租戶、保正等保甲役員成爲台灣社會的新領導階層，爲一頗具影響力的社會中堅。尤其保正是殖民當局和台灣民眾之問的溝通橋樑，遇事可發揮居中協調的功能，因而除去和減緩許多「官民」之間的直接衝突。加上他熟悉地方上的人、事、物，所以不僅地方民眾，就是殖民當局對於地方上的紛爭也大都仰賴保正的論斷及仲裁。從〈水竹居主人日記〉可以得知日本當局積極地利用保甲制度來落實及推展殖民統治政策。

關鍵字

台灣的保甲制度 ； 保正角色 ； 殖民統治

並列摘要

This paper is primarily based on information obtained from the Diary (Diary of the Master of Shuichu Residence) of Chang Li-chun, a Pao-cheng (a head of pao), with the scope of the study confined to the Hulutun District (around what is now Fengyuan). It is a regional case study on the implementation of the Paochia system in the early period of the Japanese occupation of Taiwan. The social status of a Pao-cheng in this period will also be studied, including his role in the history of the Japanese occupation.
With the goal of building an efficient colonial system in the early stages of the administration of Taiwan, Japan introduced reforms in the Paochia system, which consisted of community self-government and self-protection measures. This system as a consequence became an auxiliary institution for grassroots administration. Through the Paochia system, the Japanese colonial government controlled and influenced grassroots Taiwanese society.
Shortly after obtaining control of Taiwan, the Japanese colonial authorities abolished both the existing grand rent household and the civil service examination system. Small rent household, Pao-cheng, and other Paochia members thus became the new leaders in Taiwanese society. They served as an influential social core. More so because the Pao-cheng was the link between the colonizers and the general populace. The intermediating role played by Pao-cheng helped prevent or buttress many direct conflicts between the officialdom and the population. Owing to their broad understanding of people, things, and events in the local community, Pao-chengs were looked upon by both the common people and the colonial authorities, notably in solving conflicts through decision-making and arbitration. From the Diary (Diary of the Master of Shuichu Residence), we realize that the Japanese colonial authorities also took advantage of the Paochia system to carry out and promote their colonial administration policies.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan's Paochia system ； role of the Pao-cheng ； colonial administration

參考文獻

清吳子光(1979)。吳子光全書（下卷）。

井出季和太(1988)。臺灣治績志。

矢內原忠雄(1929)。日本帝國主義下的臺灣。

江廷遠(1935)。現行保甲制度叢書。

江廷遠(1937)。保甲制皮叢書。