Rhodiola is a popular plant in traditional medicine in Eastern Europe and Asia with a reputation for stimulating the central nervous system, decreasing depression, enhancing work performance, eliminating fatigue, and preventing high altitude sickness. Rhodiola has been categorized as an adaptogen by Russian researchers due to its ability to increase resistance to chemical, biological, and physical stressors. Animal and clinical evidences suggested that Rhodiola offered cardioprotective, antioxidative, antifatigue, and enhancing physiologic performance benefits. Therefore, the properties of Rhodiola have important meanings in such aspects as military medical science, sports science and health science.